S>¡ kpgdp„ "kfõhsuQ„Ö'_p¡ `l¡gp¡ cpN blpf `X$ép¡ s¡ S> hj®dp„-1887_p qX$k¡çbf_u 30du spfuM¡ L$_¥epgpg dy_iu_p¡ S>Þd \ep¡ cêQdp„. Np¡h^®_fpd_u S>¡d S> bu.A¡. A_¡ A¡gA¡g.bu. \C_¡ s¡dZ¡ dy„bCdp„ hL$ugps iê$ L$fu. 1913dp„ âNV$ \e¡gu `l¡gu _hgL$\p "h¡f_u hk|gps' `f kfõhsuQ„Ö_u õ`ô$ Akf R>¡ sp¡ kp\p¡kp\ s¡dp„ dy_iu_u ApÐdL$\p_p A„ip¡ `Z R>¡.

"h¡f_u hk|gps' `R>u "L$p¡_p¡ hp„L$?', "õhà_×ô$p', "s`[õh_u' S>¡hu kpdprS>L$ _hgL$\pAp¡ dy_iuA¡ gMu R>¡ Mfu, `Z s¡dZ¡ NyS>fps_p hpQL$p¡ A_¡ rhh¡QL$p¡_¡ hi L$ep® s¡ sp¡ s¡d_u A¥rslprkL$ _hgL$\pAp¡ hX¡$. `l¡gu A¥rslprkL$ _hgL$\p "`pV$Z_u âcysp' s¡dZ¡ "O_íepd ìepk'_p D`_pd\u âNV$ L$fu lsu A¡V$gy„ S> _l], A¡ S>dp_pdp„ `Z Ap¡R>u NZpe A¡hu dpÓ _¡hy„ ê$r`ep_u fL$d_p bv$gpdp„ s¡_p L$p¡`ufpBV$ s¡dZ¡ NyS>fpsu râ[ÞV„$N â¡k_¡ h¡Qu v$u^p lsp! 1916dp„ âNV$ \e¡gu Ap _hgL$\p_p L¡$ÞÖõ\p_¡ R>¡ kp¡g„L$ueyN_p fpÅAp¡ L$Z®v¡$h A_¡ rkÙfpS> S>etkl_p kde_u L¡$V$guL$ OV$_pAp¡. s¡_p A_yk„^p_dp„ s¡dZ¡ "NyS>fps_p¡ _p\' A_¡ "fpÅr^fpS>' A¡ b¡ _hgL$\pAp¡ gMu. "NyS>fps_p¡ _p\' dy_iu_u khp£Ñd _hgL$\p sp¡ R>¡ S> `Z Ap`Zu cpjp_u DÑd _hgL$\pAp¡dp„ `Z s¡_y„ õ\p_ R>¡.

"S>e kp¡d_p\', "`©r\huhëgc', "cÁ_`pvy$L$p', "cNhp_ L$p¥qV$ëe', "gp¡dlrj®Zu', "cNhp_ `fiyfpd', "L©$óZphspf'-A¡ dy_iu_u buÆ A¥rslprkL$, `p¥fprZL$ _hgL$\pAp¡ R>¡. _hgL$\p D`fp„s dy_iuA¡ _pV$L$p¡, hpsp®, ApÐdL$\p, r_b„^, rhh¡Q_, Æh_QqfÓ, hN¡f¡ g¿ep„ R>¡. Ap D`fp„s s¡dZ¡ A„N°¡Ædp„ `Z 36 S>¡V$gp„ `yõsL$p¡ g¿ep„ R>¡.

AÐe„s rh`yg A_¡ dpsbf kprlÐekS>®_ L$fhp D`fp„s `p¡sp_u 84 hj®_u tS>v$Nudp„ dy_iuA¡ A_¡L$ Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ n¡Óp¡ M¡X$ép„ A_¡ A¡dp„\u OZp„Mfp„dp„ _p¢^`pÓ kamsp d¡mhu. dy_iu A¡d_p S>dp_p_p A¡L$ âMf ^pfpip÷u lsp, eyr_hrk®V$uAp¡_p L$pdL$pS>dp„ fk g¡_pf A_¡ dlÒh_p¡ cpN cS>h_pf L¡$mhZuL$pf lsp. 1915_u lp¡dê$g_u Qmhm\u dp„X$u_¡ 1947 ky^u_u v¡$i_u ApTpv$u dpV¡$_u gX$sdp„ kq¾$e cpN g¡_pf k¡_p_u lsp. dy„bC fpÄe_u A_¡ L¡$ÞÖ_u kfL$pfp¡dp„ A¡dZ¡ â^p_ sfuL¡$ dlÒh_u L$pdNufu bÅhu lsu. cpfs kfL$pf_p ârsr_r^ sfuL¡$ l¥v$fpbpv$_p dy[¼sk„N°pddp„ ApNm `X$sp¡ cpN cS>ìep¡ lsp¡ A_¡ DÑf âv¡$i S>¡hp v¡$i_p kp¥\u dp¡V$p fpÄe_p Nh_®f `Z bÞep lsp. cpfs_p b„^pfZ_p OX$h¥epAp¡dp„ dy_iu_y„ õ\p_ ApNm `X$sy„ R>¡. fpS>Np¡`pgpQpfuA¡ õ\p`¡gp õhs„Ó `n_p A¡ A¡L$ AN°Zu _¡sp lsp. s¡dZ¡ NyS>fps kprlÐe k„kv$_u õ\p`_p L$fu, v$peL$pAp¡ ky^u NyS>fpsu kprlÐe `qfjv$_y„ kamsp _¡ Ly$_¡l`|h®L$ k„Qpg_ L$ey¯. s¡d_y„ epv$Npf ep¡Nv$p_ s¡ cpfsue rhÛpch_. 1938dp„ s¡dZ¡ cpfsue rhÛpch__u õ\p`_p L$f¡gu, A_¡ s¡_u âh©rÑAp¡_¡ v¡$idp„ A_¡ v¡$i_u blpf M|b rhõspfu.

_v$u_p¡ ^kdksp¡ âhpl L$pmd]Y$ rigpAp¡_¡ `Z Oku _pMu_¡ _p_L$X$p `\fp b_phu v¡$ R>¡ s¡d L$pm_p¡ kss hl¡sp¡ âhpl `Z Nd¡ s¡hu kd\® ârscp ^fphsu ìe[¼s_p ìe[¼sÐh_¡ Oku _pM¡ R>¡. S>¡d S>¡d hMs S>sp¡ S>i¡ s¡d s¡d dy_iu_p _pd kp\¡ k„L$mpe¡gp A_¡L$ A\p£dp„\u L¡$V$gpL$ OkpC S>i¡, L¡$V$gpL$ Mfu `X$i¡. `Z "`pV$Z_u âcysp', "NyS>fps_p¡ _p\', "`©r\huhëgc', "L©$óZphspf' S>¡hu _hgL$\pAp¡_p g¡ML$ dy_iu_y„ _pd kv„$sf hukfpC Åe A¡ i¼e _\u.

"NyS>fps_p¡ _p\'_p„ L$pL$, dy„Åg A_¡ d„S>fu_p„ `pÓp¡A¡ hpQL$p¡_p d_dp„ A_¡fy„ ApL$j®Z S>dpìey„ R>¡. L$pL$ A_¡ d„S>fu hÃQ¡_p A¡L$ âk„N_y„ Apg¡M_ L$fsp¡ L¡$V$gp¡L$ cpN Å¡CA¡ :

khpf `X$u. cNhp_ qv$hpL$f_u Apfp^_p L$fsu Djp ìep¡ddpN£ k„Qpf L$fsp„ Ap S>„Ng `f \p¡cu A_¡ TpX$`p__u OV$pdp„\u âL$pi_u f¡MpAp¡ hfkphhp gpNu.

âL©$rsdps_¡ r_f„Ly$i M¡¡ghp_p Ap n¡Ó `f Djp fp¡S> `m hpf h^pf¡ \p¡csu; OV$pdp„ g`pe¡gp„ `„MuS>_p¡_¡ S>NpX$u, L$ëgp¡gd„Ó_p¡ AÂe® õhuL$pfsu; OV$pdp„\u s¡S>õhu Ap„NmuAp¡ hX¡$ k|s¡gp S>Ns_¡ gpX$\u DW$pX$su; tlkL$ âpZu_¡ X$pfu _kpX$u d|L$su _¡ r_v$p£j d©Ngp„_¡ fdhp Aphhp L„$C L„$C Bipfp L$fsu.

ApS>¡ Djp rh[õds \C QdL$u, rhQpfdp„ `X$u; Ap õ\m¡ L„$C A`qfrQs hõsyAp¡ v¡$MpC.

A¡L$ _f lsp¡, A¡L$ _pfu lsu `yfyjh¡idp„. `yfyj dp\p _uQ¡ L$pdmp_y„ Ap¡iuLy„$ L$fu QÑp¡`pV$ KOsp¡ lsp¡, s¡_u R>psu `f dp\y„ _¡ Mcp Y$pmu ÷u `Z r_Öphi NC lsu. `yfyj_p¡ lp\ ÷u_u L¡$X$_u Apk`pk h]V$pep¡ lsp¡, ÷u_p¡ lp\ `yfyj_p Nmp_u Apk`pk h]V$php_u hpV$ Å¡sp¡ lsp¡.

Djp_p AQ„bp_p¡ `pf füp¡ _l]. s¡Z¡ A_¡L$ eyNgp¡_¡ âcpsdp„ DW$pX$ép„ lsp„ - dl¡gp¡dp„ s¡d M¡sfp¡_¡ M|Z¡ bp„^¡gu L$pQu T|„`X$udp„; `Z Aphy„ eyNg s¡Z¡ L$v$u cpþey„ _lp¡sy„. b„_¡ \pL¡$gp„ lsp„. s¡d_p lp\ _¡ `N R>p¡gpC Nep lsp. s¡d_p„ h÷p¡ apV$u Nep„ lsp„, R>sp„ ÷u_p dyM `f gÿduÆ gpS>¡ A¡hy„ A`|h® kp¥Þv$e® lsy„. s¡_u ifuff¡Mp_p gprgÐedp„ f„cpdp„ `Z _ S>X¡$ A¡hu rQÑc¡v$L$ dp¡rl_u lsu. s¡ _hep¥h_¡ Mugh¡gp„ d_p¡lpfu A„Np¡dp„ rhS>ep _ QX$ph¡ A¡hp¡ _ip¡ QX$phhp_p¡ âcph lsp¡. `yfyj_p L$`pm `f b©lõ`rs_u byrÙ v$u`su, d]Q¡gu Ap„Mp¡ `f\u `Z QpZ¼e_y„ _¥`yÎe epv$ Aphsy„, _pL$_p dfp¡X$dp„ ^_„S>e_u dlÒhpL$p„np kdpe¡gu gpNsu _¡ ^_yóe kdp AX$N `Z fkTfsp lp¡W$dp„ Np¡`uhëgc Np¡h^®_^pfu_u frkL$sp flu lp¡e A¡d gpNsy„.

Djp Ap b¡_¡ r_lpmu flu. ÷u_p EX$sp L|„$`m kdp hpm_p¡ õ`i® L$ep£, `yfyj_p s¡S>õhu L$`pm_¡ s¡S>¡ dY$éy„. s¡Z¡ OZp„e¡ eyNgp¡ Å¡ep„ lsp„, `Z Aphy„ A¡L¡$ _lp¡sy„ Å¡ey„. s¡ `p¡sp_¡ gprgÐe_p¡ Ahspf dp_su lsu, R>sp„ Ap ÷u_u A`|h®sp Å¡C s¡_¡ Av¡$MpC \C A_¡ L$fX$u _S>f¡ s¡ Å¡C flu.

Ap L$fX$u _S>f_p sp`\u, `p¡eZu_p„ `p_ EOX¡$, s¡d ÷uA¡ ^ud¡\u _¡Óp¡ DOpX$ép„. s¡Z¡ rbQpfu Djp_p¡ Nyõkp¡ NÎep¡ _l] A_¡ A¡L$uV$i¡ s¡ `yfyj kpd¡ Å¡C flu, A_¡ v|$f\u fkpmp lp¡W_¡ ÅZ¡ Qy„b_ L$fsu lp¡e s¡d - hpþep. Djp_p¡ L$p¡` hÝep¡. s¡ kMs \C; S>hpbdp„ ky„v$fuA¡ dpÓ L$`pm `f lp\ a¡fìep¡ A_¡ s¡_u _aV$pCA¡ dpTp d|L$u. s¡ _uQu hmu _¡ `yfyj_p Npg `f Npg d|L$u `pR>u k|su. dep®v$piug A_¡ r_v$p£jsp_p Ahspf kfMu Djp ifdpC Qpgu NC A_¡ f\ `f QX¡$gp frhfpS>_¡ s¡Z¡ aqfepv$ L$fu.

A_pqv$ L$pm_p A_ychu, h©Ùphõ\p R>sp„ qv$_¡qv$_ _hy„ bpm`Z ^pfsp cNhp_ k|e®_pfpeZ Ap hps kp„cmu lõep. lksp„ s¡d_y„ dp¢ gpgQp¡m \ey„ A_¡ ^ud¡^ud¡ Qpgsp f\_¡ \„cphu TpX$p¡dp„\u A¡L$uV$i¡ s¡ Å¡C füp. ÷u_y„ ê$` Å¡C s¡d_p ùv$edp„ `Z _hp A„Ly$fp¡ awV$ép; s¡d_¡ `p¡sp_p A_„s L$pe®Q¾$ `f rsfõL$pf Apìep¡. s¡d_¡ `Z \ey„ L¡$ A¡L$ qv$hk_u azfkv$ lp¡s sp¡ `©Õhu `f Ahspf gC s¡ Ap fdZu_u k¡hp L$fs.

fdZu_¡ frhfpS>_u lpS>fu_y„ cp_ \ey„ A_¡ s¡_p `°azëg dyM kpd¡ s¡ A¡L$uV$i¡ Å¡C flu. rbQpfp k|e£ r_:ðpk _p¿ep¡. eyNp¡_p eyN `l¡gp„ L$f¡gp rhlpfp¡ s¡_¡ epv$ Apìep.

"sd¡ `Z ApMf¡ EÁep Mfp!' S>fp V$p¡mdp„ eyhsu bbX$u _¡ _p_L$X$p _pL$_y„ V¡$fhy„ azgphu W$`L$p¡ v¡$hp gpNu. k|e®_pfpeZ Ap fp¡a kp„Mu füp. Aphu d_p¡lpfu ky„v$fu_p¡ r_v$p£j W$`L$p¡ kp„cmsp„ s¡d_p¡ Æh `Z Ap_„v$sf„N¡ l]Qhp gpÁep¡.

`Z s¡ ky„v$fu_p ùv$edp„ k|e®v¡$h_¡ W$`L$p¡ Ap`hp S>¡V$gu L$W$p¡fsp AÐepf¡ _lp¡su. s¡Z¡ Qpf¡ sfa Å¡ey„ _¡ `R>u `pR>u bbX$u :

"iy„ kfk s`p¡h_!' `R>u sfs s¡Z¡ lp¡W$ L$fX$ép; s¡_u Ap„Mdp„ sp¡ap_ Qd¼ey„. "`Z Ap s`p¡^__u kdpr^ R|>V$su S> _\u?' s¡ r_òg _e_¡ k|s¡gp `yfyj_p dp¢ kpdy„ Å¡C flu - `mp¡ hlu NC `Z s¡_p„ _e_p¡_u s©jp R>u`u _l]. b¡ hMs s¡Z¡ dp¡Yy„$ `pk¡ gu^y„, ApO¡ gu^y„; b¡ hMs dp¡Y$p `pk¡ Ap„Nmu gC NC _¡ `pR>u gphu, ApMf¡ Æh _ füp¡. s¡ _uQu hmu_¡ ^ud¡\u dv$cep®, L$p¡X$cep® AhpS>¡ bp¡gu : "F>rjfpS>! ¼epf¡ kdpr^ R>p¡X$ip¡?'

`yfyj¡ ^ud¡\u Ap„Mp¡ DOpX$u _¡ `m hpf s¡dp„ rhõdesp Aphu _¡ NC. s¡Z¡ lp\ ky„v$fu_¡ L$p¡V¡$ _p¿ep¡ : "Ap õhà_ L¡$ kpQy„?'

"F>rjfpS>! sdpfp S>¡hp_¡ d_ õhà_y„, Adpf¡ d_ kpQy„.' d„S>fu bp¡gu. "qióeh©„v$p¡ ¼epf_p„ v$c® huZhp _uL$mu `X$ép„ R>¡. Ap s`p¡h_dp„ h©ÙlqfZp¡ Ap`_¡ h„v$_ L$fhp_¡ dpV¡$ Aphu Ecp„ R>¡.'

L$pL$ Ap iåv$p¡\u Ecu L$f¡gu L$ë`_pk©rô$_p¡ A_ych L$fhp \p¡X$u hpf d|„N¡ dp¡Y¡$ `X$u füp¡ _¡ `R>u L$üy„ : "_¡ ky„v$fu! sd¡ BÞÖgp¡L$ R>p¡X$u Al]ep„ ip dpV¡$ Apìep„ R>p¡?'

`l¡gp„ Ap„M_u A¡L$ Av¹$cys QdL¡$ Ap âï__p¡ S>hpb v$u^p¡, A_¡ `R>u duWy„$, `Õ\f `uNmph¡ A¡hy„ lpõe lku_¡ s¡ bp¡gu : "dlpfpS>! Ap`_u s`òep®A¡ BÞÖpk_p¡ X$p¡gpìep„ R>¡ s¡\u!'

"dpfy„ s` c„N L$fhp ApV$gu sõv$u! W$uL$ Ðepf¡.' L$lu b¡W¡$gu d„S>fu_u L$p¡V¡$ hmNu b¡W$p¡ \C Nep¡. "dpfu s`òep® flu KQu; sd¡ R>p¡ A¡V$g¡ bk R>¡.'

s¡ A_¡ d„S>fu b„_¡ MX$MX$pV$ lku `X$ép„.

"lh¡ iy„ L$fuA¡?'

"lh¡ L„$C hl¡mp¡ dm¡ sp¡ dp¡Yy„$ ^p¡CA¡, _¡ `R>u _pkuA¡.'

"dpfp¡ sp¡ `N vy$:M¡ R>¡.'

"L„$C _l]. k¡hL$ lpS>f R>¡. Äepf¡ d_dp„ lsp„ Ðepf¡ L¡$V$gu hpf KQL$u_¡ gC Nep¡, sp¡ lh¡ L„$C R|>V$L$p¡ R>¡!'

"Qpgp¡ Ðepf¡.' L$lu d„S>fuA¡ S>¡ ce„L$f fõs¡ s¡Ap¡ Esfu Apìep„ lsp„ s¡ sfa busp„ busp„ _S>f L$fu, A_¡ ApNm Qpghp dp„X$éy„.

r_d®m âcps_p¡ duW$p¡ Apl¹gpv$ A_ychsp„, õhÃR>„v¡$ `\fpC fl¡gu h__u ip¡cp r_lpmsp„, âbm â¡d_p b„^__p cp_\u dõs b_u s¡ b„_¡ fõsp¡ L$p`hp gpÁep„. r_S>®_sp, \pL$, k|e®_p¡ kMs \sp¡ sp` - s¡_p¡ s¡d_¡ rlkpb _lp¡sp¡. b„_¡ Aop_ lsp„ - A¡L$ Nh®\u, buÅ¡ ìehkpe\u. A¡ b„_¡_u _hu EOX¡$gu Ap„M ApNm fkkdpr^ kp^¡gp rhðprdÓp¡ S> kÅ®hu iL¡$ A¡hu qv$ìe f„N¡ f„N¡gu _hu k©rô$ MX$u \C.

s¡ k©rô$ _\u crhóe, _\u c|s - dpÓ hs®dp_ S> R>¡. Ðep„ kv$pe¡ hk„s S> R>¡, ùv$e_u A¡L$sp_sp\u; kv$pe ip¡c¡ R>¡ - kpQp ùv$e_p¡ iusf[íd; kv$pe¡ hj£ R>¡ A¡ Adu^pfpAp¡ kdp _e_dp„\u L¡$ A^fdp„\u.

ANpD_p g¡Mp¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?