X$p¡. L¡$s_ Th¡fu

ApS>_p kdedp„ eyÙ v$frdep_ Ópkhpv$uAp¡ Üpfp S>¥rhL$ A_¡ fpkperZL$ i÷p¡_p D`ep¡N_u i¼esp h^su Åe R>¡. 11du kàV¡$çbf¡ Ad¡qfL$p `f \e¡gp Aps„L$hpv$u lzdgpAp¡dp„ Aphp i÷p¡_p¡ D`ep¡N \ep¡ lp¡hp_u i¼esp s`pkpC flu R>¡. Ad¡qfL$p_p a¡X$fg åeyfp¡ Ap¡a BÞh¡[õV$N¡i_ Üpfp Ad¡qfL$p_p ãgp¡qfX$p âp„sdp„ _p¢^pe¡gu "A¡Þ\°¡¼k' _pd_u budpfu A„N¡ s`pk Qpgu flu R>¡.

kpdpÞe fus¡ Aphu s`pk Ad¡qfL$p_y„ "k¡ÞV$f ap¡f X$urkT L„$V²$p¡g' _pd_u sbubu k„õ\p L$fsu lp¡e R>¡ A¡_¡ bv$g¡ Ap Åk|ku k„õ\p s`pk L$fhp gpN¡ A¡V$g¡ õhpcprhL$`Z¡ b^p_¡ h^y tQsp \pe. Ópkhpv$uAp¡ Üpfp hp`fu iL$pe A¡hp„ Ap S>¥rhL$ i÷p¡dp„ A¡Þ\°¡¼k, àg¡N A_¡ iusmp_p„ S>„syAp¡ lp¡hp_u i¼esp kp¥\u h^y R>¡. Ap ÓZ¡ budpfu ApS>L$pg cpÁe¡ S> Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡ A\hp _pb|v$ \C Q|L$u R>¡. ÓZ¡ÓZ Æhg¡Z b_u iL¡$ A¡hu Msf_pL$ budpfu R>¡.

A¡Þ\°¡¼k_u budpfu A_¡ A¡_p\u bQhp_p D`pep¡ rhi¡_u dprlsu Mpk qfqX$a_p hpQL$p¡ dpV¡$ âõsys R>¡ :

b¡rkgk A¡Þ\°¡kuk _pd_p b¡¼V¡$qfep\u Ap budpfu \pe R>¡. kpdpÞe fus¡ Opk A_¡ h_õ`rs Mpsp„ `pgsy âpZuAp¡dp„ Ap budpfu \pe R>¡, S>¡ ¼epf¡L$ dpZk_¡ `Z gpNy `X$u Åe R>¡. b¡rkgk A¡Þ\°¡kuk b¡¼V¡$qfep A¡ gp„bp (A¡L$\u v$p¡Y$ dpB¾$p¡_ `lp¡mp A_¡ Qpf\u v$k dpB¾$p¡_ gp„bp); Ås¡ lg_Qg_ _ L$fu iL¡$ A¡hp; A¡L$_u `pR>m A¡L$ gp„bu i©„Mgp b_phsp; L¡$àõeyg A_¡ õ`p¡f (IX$p„) ^fphsp b¡¼V¡$qfep R>¡, S>¡ k|L$u ^fsu `f hjp£ ky^u IX$p„ (õ`p¡f) õhê$`¡ Ærhs flu iL¡$ R>¡.

AgbÑ, 10 rdr_V$ ky^u DL$pmhp\u, A\hp `p¡V¡$ried `fd¢N¡_¡V$, lpBX²$p¡S>_ `¡fp¡¼kpBX$ L¡$ ap¡dp®ëX$ulpBX$ ÖphZ\u A¡ spÐL$prgL$ _pi `pdu iL¡$ R>¡. dp¡V$p cpN_p b¡¼V¡$qfep `¡r_rkrg_\u Msd \C iL¡$ A¡hy b„^pfZ ^fph¡ R>¡.

A¡Þ\°¡¼k_p b¡¼V¡$qfep ApMp rhðdp„ b^¡ S> Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. L$p¡C `Z âL$pf_p„ âpZu L¡$ d_yóedp„ Ap budpfu \C iL¡$ R>¡, `f„sy Npe, Op¡X$p, O¡V$p„ hN¡f¡ "ipL$plpfu' âpZuAp¡dp„ Ap Q¡` gpNhp_u i¼esp kp¥\u h^y lp¡e R>¡. Äepf¡ Ap âpZuAp¡ Opk Mphp dpV¡$ Myëgpdp„ Qfsp„ lp¡e R>¡ Ðepf¡ S>du_ `f fl¡gp„ A¡Þ\°¡¼k_p„ IX$p„ A¡ âpZu_p ifufdp„ âh¡¡i¡ R>¡.

Ap âpZu dpV¡$ A¡Þ\°¡¼k_p¡ Q¡` dp¡V$p cpN¡ Æhg¡Z kprbs \pe R>¡. S>¡ âpZu_¡ A¡Þ\°¡¼k_p¡ Q¡` gpÁep¡ lp¡e A¡ âpZu_p ifufdp„ `yóL$m b¡¼V¡$qfep DÐ`Þ_ \pe R>¡ A_¡ _pL$-dp¢ L¡$ Ap„sfX$p„dp„ \sp f¼söph Üpfp `ep®hfZ_¡ v|$rjs L$f¡ R>¡. Aphp„ âpZu_¡ L$fX$su dpMuAp¡ Üpfp `Z fp¡N a¡gpC iL¡$ R>¡. âpZu_p d©s ifufdp„\u `Z `ep®hfZdp„ Ap fp¡N_p b¡¼V¡$qfep a¡gpe R>¡.

dpZkp¡dp„, A¡Þ\°¡¼k_u budpfu_p¡ kpd_p¡ L$fhp_u spL$ps AÞe âpZuAp¡ L$fsp„ h^y lp¡e R>¡. v$f hj£ rhðdp„ Apif¡ 20,000\u 1,00,000 gp¡L$p¡_¡ A¡Þ\°¡¼k_u budpfu gpNy `X¡$ R>¡. R>¡ëgp„ huk¡L$ hjp£dp„ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ A¡Þ\°¡¼k_p dpÓ Qpf S> L¡$k _p¢^pep R>¡. lpgdp„ buÅ ÓZ i„L$põ`v$ L¡$k A„N¡ s`pk Qpgy R>¡.

A¡Þ\°¡¼k_p Ly$g L¡$kdp„\u 95 V$L$p L¡$k QpdX$u_p A¡Þ\°¡¼k_p lp¡e R>¡. âpZuAp¡ kp\¡ L$pd L$f_pfp gp¡L$p¡dp„ Ap fp¡N \hp_u i¼esp kp¥\u h^y fl¡ R>¡. ¼epf¡L$ dpMu L$fX$hp\u `Z QpdX$u_p A¡Þ\°¡¼k \pe R>¡. iê$Apsdp„ QpdX$u `f A¡L$ _p_y„ gpg QpWy„$ v¡$Mpe R>¡. `R>u ^ud¡ ^ud¡ A¡dp„ âhplu A_¡ `fy cfpe R>¡. Ðepf bpv$ Apk`pk_p cpNdp„ kMs kp¡Å¡ Aph¡ R>¡. iê$Apsdp„ M„S>hpm Aph¡, Ðepf bpv$ A¡ cpNdp„ vy$Mphp¡ `Z \sp¡ _\u.

dp¡V$p cpN_p QpdX$u_p A¡Þ\°¡¼k_p v$v$}Ap¡_¡ sph _\u Aphsp¡ A_¡ ìe[¼s _p¡d®g lfsp¡afsp¡ lp¡e R>¡. gNcN 80\u 90 V$L$p v$v$}dp„ Ap QpdX$u_p¡ A¡Þ\°¡¼k Ap`p¡Ap` kpfp¡ \C Åe R>¡. AgbÑ 10\u 20 V$L$p v$v$}dp„ kpfy„ \hp_¡ bv$g¡ sL$gua h^su Åe R>¡ A_¡ QpdX$udp„\u gp¡lu hpV¡$ ApMp ifufdp„ Q¡` a¡gpC Åe sp¡ A¡ Æhg¡Z b_u iL¡$ R>¡. L$p¡C `Z ìe[¼s_¡ lp\dp„ vy$Mphp¡ \ep hNf Qp„vy„$ L¡$ QpWy„$ lp¡e, kp\¡ kp¡Å¡ lp¡e A_¡ âpZuAp¡_p¡ _ÆL$_p¡ k„`L®$ lp¡e A¡dp„ QpdX$u_p¡ A¡Þ\°¡¼k lp¡hp_u i¼esp h^pf¡ lp¡e R>¡.

A¡Þ\°¡¼k_y„ S>¡ kp¥\u h^y Msf_pL$ A_¡ Æhg¡Z õhê$` R>¡ s¡ ðpkp¡ðpk\u a¡gpe¡g A¡Þ\°¡¼k A\hp a¡akp„_p¡ A¡Þ\°¡¼k R>¡. "hygkp¡V®$k® X$urkT' Da£ "E_ R|>Vy„$ `pX$_pfpAp¡_p¡ fp¡N' sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMpsp¡ Ap ðk_s„Ó_p¡ A¡Þ\°¡¼k gNcN kp¡ V$L$p Æhg¡Z lp¡e R>¡. Aps„L$hpv$uAp¡ Aps„L$ a¡gphhp dpV¡$ Aphp ðk_s„Ó_p A¡Þ\°¡¼k_p¡ D`ep¡N L$f¡ A¡hu kp¥\u h^y i¼esp R>¡.

kpdpÞe k„Å¡Np¡dp„ A¡Þ\°¡¼k\u d©Ðey `pd¡gp„ âpZu_u kX$su gpidp„\u b¡rkgk A¡Þ\°¡¼k_p„ IX$p„ (õ`p¡f) lhpdp„ a¡gpe R>¡. S>¡ `p„Q dpB¾$p¡_\u _p_p„ L$v$_p„ lp¡e sp¡ ku^p ðpk hpV¡$ a¡akp„_p L$p¡jp¡ ky^u `lp¢Qu S>C_¡ Q¡` a¡gph¡ R>¡. Ðep„ ApNm fl¡gp fp¡NârsL$pfL$ s„Ó_p L$p¡jp¡ (d¡¾$p¡a¡T) Ap b¡¼V¡$qfep_¡ `L$X$u_¡ R>psudp„ hÃQp¡hQ Aph¡gu grkL$pN°„r\ (rgça_p¡X$) ky^u gC Åe R>¡. Al] fü¡fü¡ Ap Msf_pL$ b¡¼V¡$qfep h„ih©rÙ L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ R>¡hV¡$ f¼söph kp\¡ grkL$pN°„r\ apV¡$ R>¡ S>¡ ðpkp¡ðpk_u sL$gua Ecu L$f¡ R>¡.

ðk_s„Ódp„ A¡Þ\°¡¼k_p b¡¼V¡$qfep Nep `R>u Apif¡ A¡L$\u ÓZ qv$hk ky^u A¡hp„ L$p¡C bpü gnZ v¡$Mpsp„ _\u S>¡ kpdpÞe hpBfkS>Þe sph-ifv$u-Mp„ku\u Ap fp¡N_¡ AgN `pX$u iL¡$. ÓZ¡L$ qv$hk bpv$ sph h^hp gpN¡ R>¡. ðpk QY$hp gpN¡, bu.`u. OV$hp dp„X¡$ A_¡ 24 L$gpL$dp„ S> v$v$} d©Ðey `pd¡ R>¡. A¡¼k-f¡dp„ R>psu_p¡ hÃQ¡_p¡ cpN f¼söph\u `lp¡mp¡ \C Ne¡gp¡ S>Zpe R>¡ (rdqX$epõV$u_g hpBX$t_N). ¼epf¡L$ Þeydp¡r_ep_p„ rQl¹_ Å¡hp dm¡ L¡$ Mp„kudp„ gp¡lu _uL$mu iL¡$.

ðk_s„Ó D`fp„s ¼epf¡L$ `¡V$dp„ `pQ_s„Ó_p¡ L¡$ dNS>_p AphfZ_p¡ A¡Þ\°¡¼k `Z \C iL¡$ R>¡. `pQ_s„Ó_p A¡Þ\°¡¼k_¡ L$pfZ¡ sph, EgV$u-EbL$p, `¡V$_p¡ vy$Mphp¡, f¼söphu TpX$p A_¡ `¡V$dp„ `pZu_p¡ cfphp¡ \C iL¡$. h^y `X$sp TpX$p_¡ L$pfZ¡ ¼epf¡L$ ifufdp„\u `pZu M|b OV$u S>hp\u d©Ðey \C iL¡$.

dp¢-Nmpdp„ A¡Þ\°¡¼k_p¡ Q¡` L$pL$X$p\u iê$ \pe A_¡ ðpkp¡ðpk_u sL$gua, Nmpdp„ grkL$pN°„r\ dp¡V$u \C S>hp_u sL$gua \pe R>¡. dNS>_p AphfZ_p¡ A¡Þ\°¡¼k Q¡`\u cpÁe¡ S> gpN¡ R>¡, `Z Äepf¡ Q¡` gpN¡ Ðepf¡ Æhg¡Z lp¡e R>¡.

friepdp„ 1979dp„ S>¥rhL$ i÷p¡_y„ DÐ`pv$_ L$f_pf rdrgV$fu b¡Tdp„\u AL$õdps¡ A¡Þ\°¡¼k_p b¡¼V¡$qfep hpsphfZdp„ a¡gpC Nep lsp, S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ A_¡L$ gp¡L$p¡_¡ A¡L$kp\¡ Æhg¡Z A¡Þ\°¡¼k_u budpfu gpNy `X$u NC lsu. rTçbpåh¡dp„ 1978\u 1980 hÃQ¡ eyÙ_p kde v$frdep_ A¡Þ\°¡¼k_p Ly$g 9700 L¡$k _p¢^pep lsp, S>¡ eyÙ_¡ L$pfZ¡ Msd \C Ne¡gu d¡qX$L$g A_¡ h¡V$f_fu k¡hpAp¡_y„ `qfZpd lsy„.

A¡Þ\°¡¼k\u bQhp dpV¡$ fku D`gå^ R>¡. Ad¡qfL$pdp„ rdrgV$fu_p dpZkp¡_¡, M¡X|$sp¡_¡ A_¡ h¡V$f_fu X$p¡¼V$fp¡_¡ Ap fku Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap D`fp„s `pgsy Å_hfp¡_¡ A¡Þ\°¡¼k\u bQphhp dpV¡$_u fku `Z D`gå^ R>¡, S>¡ Ap`hp\u âpZuAp¡_¡ A¡Þ\°¡¼k \hp_u i¼esp Ap¡R>u \C Åe R>¡.

friepdp„ âpZuAp¡dp„ h`fpsu fku S> dpZkp¡dp„ `Z h`fpe R>¡. AÐepf¡ h`fpsu fku_u ApX$Akfp¡ OZu \pe R>¡ A_¡ A¡_p\u A¡Þ\°¡¼k kpd¡ k„`|Z® fnZ dmsy„ _\u. hmu, Ap fku_u fnZpÐdL$ Akfp¡ `Z M|b dp¡X$u iê$ \pe R>¡. rS>_¡qV$L$ A¡[ÞS>r_eqf„N_u dv$v$\u _hu h^y AkfL$pfL$ fku ip¡^hp_p âeÐ_p¡ Qpgy R>¡.

HÁg¡ÞX$dp„ 1940\u ðk_s„Ó_p A¡Þ\°¡¼k_p¡ A¡L$ `Z qL$õkp¡ _p¢^pep¡ _\u S>¡_y„ î¡e dy¿eÐh¡ M¡X|$sp¡, `iy`pgL$p¡ s\p AÞe gp¡L$p¡_u L$pd L$fhp_u `qf[õ\rsdp„ ky^pfp¡ A_¡ `iy_p ifuf s\p E__¡ ep¡Áe `Ùrs\u S>„sydy¼s L$fhp_u `Ùrs_¡ dþey„ R>¡. AgbÑ, Å¡ L$p¡C Ópkhpv$u ÅZu Å¡C_¡ A¡Þ\°¡¼k_p b¡¼V¡$qfep hpsphfZdp„ a¡gph¡ sp¡ L¡$V$gp gp¡L$p¡ A¡Þ\°¡¼k\u bQu iL¡$ A¡ âï_ R>¡.

A¡L$ hMs A¡Þ\°¡¼k \C Nep `R>u Å¡ A¡_y„ sÐL$pm r_v$p_ A_¡ TX$`u kpfhpf \pe sp¡ v$v$}_y„ Æh_ bQu iL¡$ R>¡. `¡r_rkrg__p„ BÞS>¡¼i_p¡_p¡ X$p¡¼V$f_u kgpl dyS>b_p¡ `|fp¡ L$p¡k® Å¡ QpdX$u_p¡ A¡Þ\°¡¼k \ep `R>u_p R> L$gpL$dp„ iê$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ v$v$} Ap Æhg¡Z budpfudp„\u kpÅ¡ \C Åe R>¡. `f„sy ðk_s„Ó_p¡ A¡Þ\°¡¼k \C Nep `R>u dpZk_¡ bQphhp¡ gNcN Ai¼e R>¡. M|b cpf¡ X$p¡Tdp„ A¡[ÞV$bpep¡qV$L$ (`¡r_rkrg_) Ap`hp R>sp„ dp¡V$p cpN_p Aphp v$v$}Ap¡_¡ bQphu iL$psp _\u.

Ap rhcpN_p AÞe g¡Mp¡ hp„Qhp Al] [¼gL$ L$fp¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?