rhi¡j hp„Q_ • NyS>fps A¡Vy$T¡X$
• Np¡^fp lÐepL$p„X$
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• Ap„ep„ b^p...
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• Æhk©rô$
• A\®L$pfZ
• `pZukdõep
• qfqX$a X$pefu
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• ^„^p`pZu
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• i¡fbÅf L$p¥cp„X$
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• lkpefp¡
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• v¡$iuAp¡_y„ Ad¡qfL$p
• cpfs-`pL$ d„ÓZp
• L$píduf_u kdõep
• k„fnZ L$p¥cp„X$
• k„kv$ `f lzdgp¡
• spg¡bp_ `f sfp`
• Ad¡qfL$p `f lzdgp¡
• qfqX$a õ`¡íeg
• _¡V$NpBX$
• dygpL$ps
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• hus¡gy„ hj®
• bS>¡V$ 2001

kudp `„s

iluv$ cNstkl_u qaëdp¡ rhi¡ bp¡guh|X$dp„ S>bfp¡ Sy>hpm Qpëep¡ R>¡. `Z Ap qaëdp¡_u hps L$fsp„ `l¡gp„ S>fp c|sL$pm `f _S>f _pMuA¡.

1954dp„ S>Nv$ui Np¥sd¡ â¡d Av$ub A_¡ S>efpS> S>¡hp A¡¼V$f_¡ gC_¡ iluv¡$ ApTd cNstkl _pd_u qaëd b_phu lsu.

s¡ `R>u 1963dp„ L¡$. A¡_. b„kg¡ içdu L$`|f_¡ gC_¡ iluv$ cNstkl _pd¡ qaëd b_phu lsu.

1965dp„ d_p¡S> Ly$dpf¡ â¡d Qp¡`fp A_¡ âpZ_¡ dlÒh_u c|rdL$pdp„ gC_¡ iluv$ qaëd b_phu. s¡_p„ Nusk„Nus â¡d ^h_¡ Apàep„ lsp„. qaëd_¡ cpf¡ kamsp dmu lsu `Z s¡ `R>u qaëd DÛp¡Ndp„ L$p¡C_¡ cNstkl `f qaëd b_phhp_y„ k|T¹ey„ _l].

R>¡L$ 37 hj® `R>u Adf iluv$ cNstkl `f raëd DÛp¡N Ap¡mOp¡m \C Nep¡ R>¡.

cNstkl `f lpgdp„ Qpf Qpf qaëdp¡ b_u R>¡. bp¡bu v¡$Ap¡g_¡ gC_¡ NyÍz$ ^_p¡ApA¡ b_ph¡gu 23 dpQ® 1931-iluv$, buÆ R>¡ AS>e v¡$hN__¡ gC_¡ fpS>Ly$dpf k„sp¡juA¡ b_ph¡gu ^ rgS>¡ÞX$ Ap¡a cNstkl, ÓuÆ R>¡ kyLy$dpf _pef_u kp¡_y k|v$_¡ gC_¡ b_¡gu iluv¡$ ApTd A_¡ Qp¡\u R>¡ sfyZ MÞ_p_¡ gC_¡ sfyZ hp^hpA¡ b_ph¡gu iluv$ cNstkl.

Qpf¡e qaëd_p„ Nusp¡ L¡$hp„ R>¡ s¡_u S>fp hps L$fuA¡ sp¡ Qpfdp„\u ÓZ qaëdp¡_p„ Apgbddp„ `l¡gy„ Nus d¡fp f„N v¡$ bk„su Qp¡gp... R>¡. Å¡L¡$ b^p„_u V$éy_ Sy>v$u Sy>v$u R>¡. lh¡ Å¡CA¡ Qpf¡e qaëd_p„ Nusp¡ L¡$hp„ R>¡ :

23 dpQ® 1931-iluv$ (bp¡bu v¡$Ap¡g)
k„NusL$pf Ap_„v$ fpS> Ap_„v$¡ Nusp¡dp„ `„Åbu gp¡L$k„Nus_p¡ D`ep¡N L$ep£ R>¡ `Z s¡d R>sp„ Nusp¡ kp„cmsu hMs¡ s¡ kde_y„ hpsphfZ MXy„$ \C Åe R>¡. v¡$h L$p¡lgu A_¡ fpdâkpv$ rb[õdg¡ gM¡gp„ Nusp¡_¡ Dqv$s _pfpeZ, AgL$p eproL$, c|t`v$f tkl, dp¡lçdv$ kgpds, l„k fpS> l„k A_¡ huf fprS>Þv$f¡ Npep„ R>¡.

d¡fp f„N v¡$ bk„su Qp¡gp... A_¡ `OX$u k„cpg... Nusp¡_u ^|_ kp„cmhu Nd¡ A¡hu R>¡. Å¡L¡$ d_p¡S> Ly$dpf_u qaëd iluv$ L$fsp„ Ap Nusp¡_p iåv$p¡ Sy>v$p `X¡$ R>¡. NusL$pf v¡$h L$p¡lguA¡ s¡dp„ v¡$ic[¼s_p¡ f„N bfpbf cep£ R>¡.

kfafp¡iu L$u sdÞ_p... Nus fpdâkpv rb[õdg_p iåv$p¡dp„ Å_ gphu v¡$ R>¡.

v¡$ic[¼s\u cf¡gp„ Nusp¡dp„ AgL$p eproL¡$ d^yf L„$W¡$ Npe¡gy„ Å¡Nue¡ h¡... Nus Sy>vy„$ `X¡$ R>¡. Y$p¡gL$ A_¡ sbgp_p spg¡ r\fL$sy„ Ap Nus kp„cmhy„ Nd¡ A¡hy„ R>¡.

Apgbddp„ Myi flp¡..., A¡e hs_..., hs_`fõsp¢ L$u... A_¡ v¡$i_| Qgp¡... Nusp¡ `Z R>¡ A_¡ b^pdp„ A¡L$ QuS> L$p¡d_ R>¡-v¡$iâ¡d.

^ rgS>¡ÞX$ Ap¡a cNstkl (AS>e v¡$hN_)
A¡. Apf. fl¡dp__y„ k„Nus lp¡e A¡V$g¡ õhpcprhL$ fus¡ kp¥_u A`¡np h^u Åe. A_¡ fl¡dp_ s¡d_u A`¡np `|fu L$f¡ R>¡.

s¡d_p k„Nusdp„ `„Åbu R>p„V$ sp¡ hsp®e S> R>¡ `Z s¡d_u ApNhu õV$pBg `Z R>¡ S>. A¡V$g¡ Nusp¡_¡ S>fp dp¡X$_® V$Q dþep¡ R>¡.

d_p¡S> Ly$dpf_u iluv$ qaëddp„ dl¡ÞÖ L$`|f¡ Npe¡gy„ d¡fp f„N v¡$ bk„su Qp¡gp... L$fsp„ Al] A¡ Nus \p¡Xy„$ ^udu gedp„ R>¡. `Z Nus_p¡ V¡ç`p¡ kp¡_y r_Nd A_¡ dp¡lçdv$ hpqfk¡ bfpbf Åmìep¡ R>¡.

`OX$u k„cpg S>Ë$... Nusdp„ kyMrhÞv$f tkl¡ L$dpg L$fu v$u^u R>¡. cp„NX$p rbV¹$k_p D`ep¡N_¡ gu^¡ Nusdp„ `„Åbu gp¡L$k„Nus_p¡ dplp¡g Ecp¡ \ep¡ R>¡.

kfafp¡iu L$u sdÞ_p Nus_p„ b¡ hT®_ R>¡. A¡L$ hT®_ kp¡_y r_Nd A_¡ lqflf_¡ Npey„ R>¡. sbgp„, k„s|f A_¡ hp„kmu_p k|fp¡\u Nus M|b d^yf bÞey„ R>¡. Nus_y„ buSy>„ hT®_ kp¡_y r_Nd¡ Npey„ R>¡.

qaëd_y„ v¡$i d¡f¡ v¡$i d¡f¡... Nus kp„cmu_¡ sd_¡ Qp¡½$k gNp_ qaëd_y„ r\d çeyrTL$ epv$ Aphu S>hp_y„. Å¡L¡$ kyMrhÞv$f tkl A_¡ fl¡dp_¡ NusL$pf kduf_p iåv$p¡_¡ `|fp¡ Þepe Apàep¡ R>¡.

ip¡fp kp¡ `l¡Qpr_e¡... Nus_p iåv$p¡ `Z A¡V$gp S> kfk R>¡ A_¡ k„Nus `Z A¡V$gy„ S> kpfy„ R>¡. Nus blz _p_y„ R>¡. L$prs®L$, fL$ub A_¡ kyMrhÞv$f tkl¡ Npey„ R>¡.

v¡$ic[¼s\u cf`|f Apgbddp„ Å¡Nuep Å¡Nuep... A_¡ dpluh¡ dpluh¡... A¡ b¡ fp¡d¡[ÞV$L$ Nusp¡ Sy>v$p„ `X$¡ R>¡. AgL$p eproL A_¡ Dqv$s _pfpeZ¡ Npe¡gp„ Ap Nusp¡ kpfp„ bÞep„ R>¡.

iluv cNstkl (sfyZ MÞ_p)
sfyZ hp^hp_u qaëd_p„ Nusp¡ ÅZusp NusL$pf _¼i gpeg`yfuA¡ g¿ep„ R>¡ A_¡ k„Nus S>ev¡$h Ly$dpf¡ Apàey„ R>¡. Ap Apgbddp„ d¡fp f„N v¡$ bk„su Qp¡gp... Nus b¡ hMs Nhpey„ R>¡. b„_¡ hMs ê$`Ly$dpf fpW$p¡X$, lfcS>_ dp_ A_¡ dp¡lçdv$ kgpds¡ Npey„ R>¡.

AS>e v¡$hN_hpmu qaëddp„ fl¡dp_¡ `OX$u k„cpg... Nus_p¡ V$¡ç`p¡ apõV$ fp¿ep¡ R>¡, Ap qaëddp„ Ap S> Nus ^udu gedp„ Nhpey„ R>¡. ipv|®$g rkL$v$f¡ Nus Npey„ R>¡.

lfcS>_ dp_¡ Npe¡gy„ kfafp¡iu L$u sdÞ_p... Nus `Z ^udy„ R>¡.

ApAp¡_u b¡l_p¢ (rkdf_ A_¡ rÓ`V$_p AhpS>dp„) Nusdp„ cNstkl, fpS>Nyfy A_¡ kyMv¡$h A¡ ÓZ¡e iluv$p¡_u hps R>¡.

s¡ rkhpe Apgbddp„ kp^_p kfNd¡ Npe¡gy„ R>_ R>_ R>_L¡$..., L$rhsp L©$óZd|rs®A¡ Npe¡gy„ (dyS>fp Nus) Ry>` Ry>` L¡$... A_¡ ê$`Ly$dpf fpW$p¡X¡$ Npe¡gy„ kp^y k„s aL$ufp¢ L$u... `Z R>¡.

iluv¡$ ApTd (kp¡_y k|v$)
r_dp®sp BL$bpg r^ëgp¢_u qaëd iluv$¡ ApTd_y„ _pd qaëdp¡_p Bqslpkdp„ Dd¡fpC S>i¡. Ap `l¡gu S> A¡hu qaëd R>¡ S>¡ `prL$õsp_dp„ qfrgT \hp_u R>¡.

(iluv$ cNstkl_p cÓuÅ) âp¡a¡kf S>Ndp¡l_ tkl¡ qaëd dpV¡$ M|b KXy„ k„ip¡^_ L$ey¯ R>¡.

Nusk„Nus_u hps L$fuA¡ sp¡ Qpf¡e qaëdp¡dp„\u Ap A¡L$ S> qaëddp„ bpbp byëg¡ ipl A_¡ ¿hpÅ `fh¡T_p„ `f„`fpNs Nusp¡ g¡hpep„ R>¡. s¡ D`fp„s cNstkl¡ `p¡s¡ A¡k. A¡d. kpqv$L$ kp\¡ gM¡gy„ BÞL$gpb tTv$pbpv$... Nus `Z R>¡.

k„NusL$pfp¡-dL$b|g Mp_, kbf Agu A_¡ ipv|®$g rkL$v$f s¡dZ¡ k„NusbÙ L$f¡gp„ Nusp¡dp„ `f„`fpNs `„Åbu sfÅ¡_¡ hmNu füp R>¡. Nusp¡ kp^_p kfNd, ipv|®$g rkL$v$f, _kubp¡ gpgp, Dqv$s _pfpeZ, kp¡_y r_Nd, S>kr`Þv$f _fygp, ê$`Ly$dpf fpW$p¡X$ A_¡ L$rhsp L©$óZd|rs®A¡ Npep„ R>¡.

Ap qfìey Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?