Dh}i L$p¡W$pfu

õhN®õ\ õhS>_p¡ `Z s¡d_u `yÎersr\A¡ S> epv$ Aph¡ A¡hp L$`fp S>dp_pdp„ kv$pblpf NyS>fpsu Nus "spfu Ap„M_p¡ AauZu'_p NpeL$ qv$gu` ^p¡mqL$ep kph AQp_L$ epv$ Aphu Åe A¡hy„ _ b_¡. s¡d_p„ Npe¡gp„-k„NusbÙ L$f¡gp„ Nusp¡ Üpfp s¡d_u õd©rs k„Nusâ¡duAp¡_p d_dp„ k„Ofpe¡gu lsu. s¡_p `f bpT¡gu ^|m DX$pX$hp_y„ L$pd dy„bC_p cpCv$pk kcpN©ldp„ 9du kàV¡$çbf¡ ep¡Åe¡gp L$pe®¾$d Üpfp \ey„.

L$pe®¾$ddp„ 81 hj®_p ^p¡mqL$epA¡ "kfõhsuQ„Ö' rkqfeg dpV¡$ k„NusbÙ L$f¡gp„ Nusp¡_u ÓZ L¡$k¡V$_y„ rhdp¡Q_ \ey„. ¼ep„ "spfu Ap„M_p¡ AauZu' (qaëd : v$uhpv$p„X$u, 1950) A_¡ ¼ep„ "kfõhsuQ„Ö' (2002).

Æh__p ApW$ v$peL$p hV$phu Q|L¡$gp qv$gu`cpC Jdf_p¡ cpf fpMhp_¡ bv$g¡ kplrS>L$ dõsu_u lmhpi\u Æh_pfp dpZk R>¡. "spfu Ap„M_p¡ AauZu'dp„ R>gL$psu dõsu ÅZ¡ s¡d_p l¥epdp„ Op¡mpC NC R>¡.

"spfu Ap„M_p¡ AauZu' Nus _ kp„cþey„ lp¡e A¡hp NyS>fpsu_¡ "õV¡$Ãey Ap¡a rgbV$}' rhi¡ _ ÅZsp Ad¡qfL$_ kp\¡ kfMpZu iL$pe. A¡L$ hpf Ap Nus kp„cm_pf_¡ s¡_p b„^pZu \e¡ S> R|>V$L$p¡. h¡ZucpC `yfp¡rls¡ gM¡gy„ Ap Nus ArS>s dfQÞV$_p k„Nusdp„ qv$gu` ^p¡mqL$ep_p L„$W¡$ A¡hy„ _uMfu EW$éy„ R>¡ L¡$ `p„Q v$peL$p `R>u s¡_u gp¡L$râesp Ap¡kfhp_y„ _pd g¡su _\u. Ap Nus\u qv$gu` ^p¡mqL$ep_u âp\rdL$ Ap¡mM Ap`u iL$pe, `Z Ðep„\u AV$L$u S>hpdp„ qv$gu`cpC_¡ \sp AÞepe_p¡ ¿epg s¡d_u buÆ hpsp¡ ÅÎep `R>u S> Aphu iL¡$.

""lz„ A_¡ faukpl¡b A¡L$ S> hj£ dy„bC Apìep lsp.'' qv$gu`cpC s¡d_u L$pfqL$v$}_p Apf„c_u õd©rs spÆ L$f¡ R>¡, ""S|>_pNY$_u blpDØu_ L$p¡g¡S>dp„\u k„õL©$s A_¡ NyS>fpsu kp\¡ bu.A¡. \ep `R>u dy„bCdp„ lz„ A¡L$pDÞV$ÞV$ S>_fg_u Ap¡qakdp„ _p¡L$fu L$fsp¡ lsp¡. ep¡Np_yep¡N¡ A¡ S> dL$p__p Qp¡\p dpm¡ Ap¡g B[ÞX$ep f¡qX$ep¡_u Ap¡qak lsu. s¡dp„ rNSy>cpC ìepk, bfL$s hufpZu "b¡apd' S>¡hp Ðep„_p L$d®QpfuAp¡ kp\¡ dpfp¡ `qfQe \ep¡. \p¡X$u r_L$V$sp `R>u A¡ gp¡L$p¡A¡ dpfu `pk¡ M¡X|$sp¡ A_¡ îrdL$p¡ dpV¡$_p„ Nusp¡ NhX$pìep„. A¡ dpfu NpeL$ sfuL¡$_u L$pfqL$v$}_u iê$Aps.''

f¡qX$ep¡ `f A¡L$ Nus_p¡ `yfõL$pf `p„Q ê$r`ep dm¡, `Z s¡_p\u `¡v$p \su ârkrÙ L$udsu lsu. "f¡qX$ep¡tkNf' sfuL¡$_u qv$gu`cpC_u ârs›$p_¡ Ýep_dp„ fpMu_¡ A¡Q.A¡d.hu.A¡ qv$gu`cpC_p„ Nusp¡_u A¡L$ "\pmu' (78 Apf.`u.A¡d._u f¡L$p¡X®$) b_phu. h¡ZucpC `yfp¡rls_p„ gM¡gp„ A¡ b„_¡ Nusp¡ lsp„ : "c]s apX$u_¡ `u`mp¡ EÁep¡' A_¡ "Ap^p s¡g Ap¡f Ap^p `p_u.'

Nusp¡_y„ L$pdL$pS> W$uL$W$uL$ Qpgsy„ lsy„, Ðepf¡ qv$gu`cpC_u dygpL$ps "AepT âp¡X$¼i_'_p iplÅv$p AepT kp\¡ \C. iplÅv$p_¡ S|>_pNY$_p Ap "frkep _pNf'_p¡ a¼s AhpS> _l], `Z kdN° ìe[¼sÐh `k„v$ `X$u Ney„. NpeL$-Arc_¡spAp¡_p¡ S>dp_p¡ A¡ hMs¡ Ap\dZ¡ lsp¡. s¡d R>sp„ iplÅv$pA¡ qv$gu` ^p¡mqL$ep_¡ lufp¡ sfuL¡$ gC_¡ A¡L$ qaëd b_phhp_u Ål¡fps L$fu. s¡_y„ V$pBV$g lsy„ : "A_v¡$Mu'.

qaëd_p V$pBV$g S>¡hu S> crhóe_u Nrs lsu. V|„$L$ kdedp„ cpNgp `X$sp„ iplÅv$p AepT DQpmp cfu_¡ `pqL$õsp_c¡Np \ep A_¡ qv$gu` ^p¡mqL$ep "c|s`|h® cpqh lufp¡' bÞep. 1948dp„ ^°yd_bl¡_ kp\¡ s¡d_p„ gÁ_ \ep„. A¡ S> Afkpdp„ s¡Ap¡ gp„bu budpfudp„ `V$L$pep. L$pfqL$v$}_u h¡N `L$X$su NpX$u_¡ ÅZ¡ kÄS>X$ b°¡L$ hpNu. ep¡Áe sL$ kp\¡ s¡d_u k„spL|$L$X$u kss Qpgy lsu.

""S>¡ Nus\u fau_y„ _pd NpS>sy„ \ey„ A¡ "elp„ bv$gp hap L$p b¡hapC L¡$ rkhp ¼ep l¥' (_|fS>lp„ kp\¡, qaëd : Sy>N_y) Akgdp„ dpf¡ Nphp_y„ lsy„.'' qv$gu`cpC L$l¡ R>¡, ""Ap X$éyA¡V$dp„\u dpfp rlõkp_y„ qflk®g `Z \C Ney„ lsy„. A¡ hMs¡ ce„L$f L$p¡du lzëgX$p¡ Qpgsp„ lsp„. fau `„Åbdp„ lsp, `f„sy Nus_p apB_g f¡L$p¡qX¯$N `l¡gp„ s¡ Aphu `lp¢Ãep. "Sy>N_y'_p k„NusL$pf qafp¡T r_TpduA¡ d_¡ L$üy„, Ap Nus dpf¡ fau_¡ Ap`hy„ R>¡. syd L$p¡ v|$kfp Np_p v|„$Np.''

qafp¡T r_TpduA¡ s¡d_y„ Apðpk_-L$d-hQ_ `pþey„, `Z h]V$u Ap`hp_u hps L$fu_¡ L$p¡C dpZk r`Ñm_u h]V$u Ap`¡ A¡hu fus¡. "Sy>N_y'_p A¡L$ kd|lNus "hp¡ A`_u epv$ qv$gp_¡ L$p¡'dp„ s¡dZ¡ qv$gu`cpC `pk¡ NhX$pìey„. Nus L$p¡d¡X$u lsy„. hmu L$p¡fk lsy„. s¡dp„ NpeL$ sfuL¡$ qv$gu`cpC_y„ _pd kyÙp„ _lp¡sy„. s¡_u kfMpdZudp„ qv$gu`cpCA¡ S>¡_y„ qflk®g L$ey¯ lsy„ A¡ Nus ("elp„ L$p bv$gp hap L$p') ky`frlV$ \ey„.

""d_¡ A¡_p¡ hkhkp¡ _\u.'' qv$gu`cpC L$l¡ R>¡, ""fau S>¡hp¡ DÃQ L$p¡qV$_p¡ L$gpL$pf A_¡ dpZk dmhp¡ dyíL¡$g R>¡. A¡ qaëdp¡dp„ Apìep Ðepf¡ `p¡sp_u klu `Z L$fu iL$sp _ lsp. dpZk_u âNrsdp„ s¡_u AphX$s D`fp„s õhcph `Z blz dlÒh_p¡ cpN cS>h¡ R>¡.''

`p¡sp_p ApL$fp õhcph_¡ L$pfZ¡ `pR>m fl¡gp dlp_ k„NusL$pf kÄÅv$ lzk¡__p k„Nusdp„ qv$gu`cpCA¡ A¡L$ Nus Npey„ lsy„. qL$ip¡fLy$dpf_¡ "ip¡fLy$dpf' A_¡ sgs dl¡d|v$_¡ "Ngs dl¡d|v$' sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMph_pf kÄÅv$ dpV¡$ qv$gu` ^p¡mqL$epA¡ Npe¡gp Nus_p iåv$p¡ lsp : Ap¡ gpg vy$`Ë¡$hpgu, g¡ qv$g g¡ Å. (qaëd : d¡f¡ cNhp_, 1947).

kÄÅv$ L$fsp„ sØ_ EgV$u âL©$rs_p, v„$sL$\pkdp NpeL$ kpeNg kp\¡ L$p¡fkdp„ Nphp_p¡ A_ych epv$ L$fsp„ qv$gu`cpC_p Ql¡fp `f Np¥fh_p¡ cph `\fpC Åe R>¡. qaëd "c„hfp' (1944)_p A¡ Nus_p L$p¡fk dpV¡$ "fZrS>s dyhuV$p¡_'_p NyS>fpsu NpeL$ A¡.Apf. Ap¡Tp qv$gu`cpC_¡ kp\¡ gC Nep lsp. A¡.Apf. Ap¡Tp A_¡ Nusp v$Ñ_y„ epv$Npf eyNg Nus "fpM_p„ fdL$X$p„' `l¡gu hpf qv$gu`cpCA¡ 1946dp„ ApB.A¡_.V$u._u _©Ðe_pqV$L$p "_fk¥„ep¡ c¼s lqf_p¡' dpV¡$ Npey„ lsy„.

qv$gu`cpCA¡ s¡d_u ApMu L$pfqL$v$}dp„ Arh_pi ìepk_p k„Nusdp„ dpÓ b¡ Nus Npep„ lsp„. `fd rdÓ A_¡ NpeL$-k„NusL$pf ArS>s dfQÞV$_u `p¡sp_u qaëd "v$uhpv$p„X$u'dp„ qv$gu`cpC_y„ Nus "spfu Ap„M_p¡ AauZu' b¡lv$ gp¡L$râe \ey„ A_¡ ApNm S>sp„ qv$gu` ^p¡mqL$ep_p AhpS>_y„ Ap¡mM`Ó b_u füy„. AgbÑ, Nus _hy„ lsy„ Ðepf¡ gp¡L$p¡ A¡hy„ dp_sp lsp L¡$ A¡ dyL¡$i¡ Npey„ R>¡. qv$gu` ^p¡mqL$ep_p¡ O¡fp¡ MfS>v$pf AhpS> kp„cmu_¡ Aphu N¡fkdS>Z \hu õhpcprhL$ lsu.

qaëdu Nusp¡_u kp\¡ f¡qX$ep¡ kp\¡ qv$gu`cpC_p¡ _psp¡ Qpgy S> lsp¡. Ap¡g B[ÞX$ep f¡qX$ep¡ dpV¡$ qv$gu`cpC Npsp lsp Ðepf¡ ApNpÅ_ _pd_p¡ A¡L$ A¡_pDÞkf s¡d_p¡ Dëg¡M l„d¡ip„ "qv$gu` ^qL$ep' sfuL¡$ L$fsp¡ lsp¡. ^qL$ep-^p¡mqL$ep_p Np¡V$pmp V$pmhp qv$gu`cpCA¡ `p¡sp_y„ qaëdu _pd X$u. qv$gu` L$fu _p¿ey„ A_¡ ApNm S>sp„ A¡ S> _pd¡ `„v$f-huk rlÞv$u qaëdp¡dp„ õhs„Ó k„Nus Apàey„.

k„NusL$pf sfuL¡$_u s¡d_u L$pfqL$v$} A¡k.A¡_. rÓ`pW$u_p klpeL$ sfuL¡$ iê$ \C lsu. Ðepf `R>u rQÓNyàs kp\¡ s¡dZ¡ gNcN A¡L$huk hj® (1951-1972) L$pd L$ey¯. dufp„ cS>_, Nprgb_u NTgp¡ A_¡ cNhv¹$Nusp_p ïgp¡L$p¡ S>¡hu gsp d„N¡iL$f_u rb_qaëdu f¡L$p¡X$p£_u kS>®_âq¾$epdp„ qv$gu`cpC k„NusL$pf ùv$e_p\ d„N¡iL$f_p klpeL$ füp lsp. NyS>fpsu qaëdp¡dp„ k„NusL$pf sfuL¡$ s¡d_u L$pfqL$v$} "kÐehp_ kprhÓu' (1963)\u iê$ \C. kyfs_p k„ip¡^L$ lfui fOyh„iu_p "NyS>fpsu qaëd NusL$p¡i'dp„\u dmsu dprlsu âdpZ¡, qv$gu`cpC_p k„Nusdp„ dyL¡$i, fau, dÞ_p X¡$, gsp d„N¡iL$f, Nusp v$Ñ, Apip cp¡kg¡ S>¡hp V$p¡Q_p rlÞv$u L$gpL$pfp¡\u dp„X$u_¡ `R>u_u `¡Y$u_p c|`¡ÞÖ, A_yfp^p `p¥X$hpg, AgL$p eproL$ S>¡hp„ L$gpL$pfp¡A¡ Nusp¡ Npep„ R>¡.

k„Nusâ¡duAp¡ dpV¡$ ApfpÝe b_u fl¡gp A¡ L$gpL$pfp¡_p„ õdfZp¡ spÅ„ L$fsp„ qv$gu`cpC L$l¡ R>¡, ""dÞ_p X¡$ Nus kp„cmu_¡ `p¡sp_u fus¡ _p¡V¡$i_ gMu g¡sp lsp. dyL¡$i A_¡ Nusp v$Ñ L$l¡sp„ lsp„, "Ad_¡ Nus NpC_¡ k„cmphp¡. _p¡V¡$i_ _ Ap`ip¡.' Nusp blz TX$`\u ^|__¡ ApÐdkps¹ L$fu g¡su lsu, Äepf¡ fau_¡ \p¡X$p¡ kde gpNsp¡ lsp¡.''

1972\u qv$gu`cpC gÿduL$p„s-àepf¡gpg_u V$uddp„ Å¡X$pC Nep. s¡d_u kp\¡ kp¡m hj®_p klhpk v$frdep_ qv$gu`cpC f¡L$p¡qX¯$N A_¡ Ap¡L£$õV²$p_u V¡$[¼_L$g bpfuL$uAp¡\u `qfrQs \ep. NyS>fpsu qaëd "kpS>_ kp¡_gv¡$'dp„ L$X$hp¡ A_ych \ep `R>u s¡dZ¡ ìephkpreL$ L$pd L$fhp_y„ b„^ L$fu_¡ õhpdu_pfpeZ kÐk„Ndp„ d_ `fp¡ìey„.

d_ cg¡ _fhy„ lsy„, `Z ifuf_u Jdf \C lsu. dy„bC_u cpNv$p¡X$ R>p¡X$u_¡ r_h©Ñ Æh_ ip„rs\u rhsphhp dpV¡$ ApW$¡L$ hj® `l¡gp„ s¡Ap¡ Adv$phpv$ Aphu_¡ hõep. r_h©rÑ s¡dZ¡ a¼s qaëdgpB_dp„\u gu^u R>¡. s¡d_pdp„ hl¡sp¡ Æh_fk_p¡ Tfp¡ S>fpe kyL$pep¡ _\u.

Adv$phpv$_u "N°pdp¡ap¡_ ¼gb' S>¡hu k„õ\p_p L$pe®¾$ddp„ "hX$ug' sfuL¡$ `l¡gu lfp¡mdp„ b¡W¡$gp qv$gu`cpC "`fhpfu Ne¡gp' rbgLy$g _ gpN¡. cfphv$pf Ql¡fp¡, ka¡v$ Tyëap„, dõsucfu gp`fhplu k|Qhsu b¡-Qpf qv$hk_u h^¡gu v$pY$u, ka¡v$ Tæcp¡-`peÅdp¡, dp\¡ rsgL$- Ap s¡d_y„ AÐepf_y„ õhê$`. S|>_p rdÓ bv$fu_p\ ìepk A_¡ buÅ k„Nusâ¡duAp¡ kp\¡ Æh„s QQp® A_¡ dy¼s lpõe L$fsp qv$gu`cpC_¡ Å¡C_¡ Sy>hpr_epAp¡_¡ `Z b¡ OX$u Cóep® Aphu iL¡$. hj®dp„ \p¡X$p drl_p s¡Ap¡ s¡d_p k„NusL$pf `yÓ ("rdQ®dkpgp' a¡Bd) fS>s ^p¡mqL$ep_p dy„bC_p Of¡ Npm¡, Ðepf¡ `p„Q v$peL$p S|>_p rdÓ ArS>s dfQÞV$ kp\¡ `Z A¡hp¡ S> kÐk„N \pe.

\p¡X$p kde `l¡gp„ dy„bCdp„ k„NusL$pf ArS>s dfQÞV$_p kÞdp_ kdpf„cdp„ qv$gu`cpCA¡ "spfu Ap„M_p¡ AauZu' A_¡ "Aph¡ R>¡ lhp, dõs lhp' (gÁ_d„X$`, 1950) Npey„ Ðepf¡ s¡d_u Å¡icfu fS|>Aps\u îp¡spAp¡ Apafu_ A_¡ Apòe®QqL$s \C Nep lsp.

Adv$phpv$dp„ õ\peu \ep `R>u qv$gu`cpCA¡ ìephkpreL$ L$pd R>p¡X$u v$u^y„ lsy„, `Z "kfõhsuQ„Ö' `f\u NyS>fpsu rkqfeg b_phhp_p krgg dl¡sp_p âp¡S>¡¼V$ r_rdÑ¡ 14 hj® `R>u s¡Ap¡ afu\u kq¾$e bÞep R>¡.

qaëdu Nusp¡ A_¡ rkqfeg_p„ Nusp¡_p¡ saphs kdÅhsp„ qv$gu`cpC L$l¡ R>¡, ""qaëdu Nusp¡dp„ gp¡L$râesp_p sÒh_¡ kss _S>f kpd¡ fpMhy„ `X¡$, Äepf¡ rkqfegdp„ `pÓ_u gpnrZL$sp_¡ Ýep_dp„ fpMu_¡ k„Nus Ap`u iL$pe R>¡. "kfõhsuQ„Ö'_p„ Nusp¡dp„ s¡_p S>dp_p âdpZ¡_y„ k„Nus S> Aph¡ s¡_y„ Mpk Ýep_ fpMhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡.''

cph_Nf_p eyhp_ NpeL$ `pr\®h Np¡rlg `pk¡ kfõhsuQ„Ö_p„ A_¡ L$ëepZu L$p¡W$pfL$f `pk¡ Ly$dyv$ky„v$fu_p„ Nusp¡ L$fphsp qv$gu`cpC_¡ A„^S>_ d„X$m Adv$phpv$_p f¡L$p¡qX¯$N õVy$qX$ep¡dp„ T|dsp- spg Ap`sp- Npsp- Mp¡hpC S>sp Å¡C_¡ A¡ õhuL$pfhy„ L$pWy„$ `X¡$ L¡$ 15du Ap¡¼V$p¡bf¡ qv$gu`cpC_u 82du hj®Np„W$ R>¡.