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lp¡d`¡S> > h^y kdpQpfp¡ >
Åd_Nf_p kdpQpf
NyS>fps_y„ Np¥fh : Åd_Nf_u Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$u
1 a¡b°yApfu, 2003
qL$Þ_f ApQpe®,Åd_Nf
Å¡ L$p¡C `|R>¡ L¡$ NyS>fps_y„ Np¥fh NZu iL$pe A¡hu i¥nrZL$ k„õ\p fpÄedp„ L$C L$C R>¡? sdpfu Æc D`f sfs S> A¡L$ _pd Aphi¡ : Adv$phpv$_u B[ÞX$e_ B[ÞõV$V$éyV$ Ap¡a d¡_¡S>d¡ÞV$. buSy>„ L$p¡C _pd sd_¡ epv$ _ Aphsy„ lp¡e sp¡ sd¡ Åd_Nfdp„ Aph¡gu NyS>fps Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$u_„y _pd g¡Å¡. kp¥fpóV²$dp„ Aph¡gu Ap rhïhrhÛpgedp„ dpÓ NyS>fps dpV¡$ S> _l], `f„sy ApMp v¡$i dpV¡$ Np¥fhê$` R>¡. rhïhcfdp„ Apeyh£v$_u Ap A¡L$ A_¡ A¡L$dpÓ eyr_hrk®V$u R>¡.
NyS>fps Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$udp„ Apeyh£v$_y„ A\\u Brs ky^u_y„ rinZ Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap eyr_hrk®V$u ldZp„ ÞeyTdp„ R>¡. NyS>fps Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$u kp\¡ ldZp„ rhïh_u v$k kyrh¿eps B[ÞõV$V$éyi_ kp\¡ kdS|>su_p L$fpf (d¡dp¡f¡ÞX$d Ap¡a AÞX$fõV¡$[ÞX„$N-A¡dAp¡ey) L$ep® R>¡. Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$u_p hpBk QpÞk¡gf X$p¡. `u.A¡_.hu. Ly$fy` L$l¡ R>¡ : kdS|>su_p L$fpf dyS>b Adpf¡ Ap rhv¡$iu B[ÞõVV$éyiÞk_¡ V¡$[¼_L$g klep¡N `|fp¡ `pX$hp_p¡ fl¡i¡. Ad¡ s¡d_¡ rhrh^ Aæepk¾$dp¡\u dp„Xu_¡ Ap¥j^r_dp®Z ky^u_u bpbsp¡dp„ dv$v$ L$fuiy„. Apeyh£v$ rhïhrhÛpge_u Ap rkqÙ_y„ dlÒh A¡V$gp dpV¡$ h^y R>¡ L¡$ s¡dp„_p dp¡V$p cpN_p L$fpf L$ep® R>¡.
b¡ i¥nrZL$ k„õ\pAp¡ `f EX$su _S>f _pMip¡ sp¡ Apeyh£qv$L$ eyr_hrk®V$u_u rhðk_uesp_p¡ ¿epg Aphi¡ : Å`p__u B[ÞõV$V$éyi_ Ap¡a V¡$[¼_L$g Ap¡qfA¡ÞV$g d¡qX$qk_, S>d®_u_u _¡Qyfp apd®, Ap¡õV²¡$rgep_u Ap¡õV²¡$rge_ A¡L¡$X¡$du Ap¡a _¡Qfg d¡qX$qk_, BV$gu_u B[ÞõV$V$éyV$ AV$pqge_p¡ X$u Apeyh£v$, Ad¡qfL$p_u Apeyh£v$ L$p¡`p£f¡i_ s\p Ad¡qfL$_ A¡L¡$X¡$du Ap¡a Apeyh£qv$L$ d¡qXq$k_, _¡^fg¡ÞX$_u eyfp¡r`e_ B[ÞõV$V$éyV$ ap¡f kpe[ÞV$qaL$ qfkQ® B_ Apeyh£v$, Ad¡qfL$p_u L¡$rgap¡r_®ep L$p¡g¡S> Ap¡a Apeyh£v$ s\p ApS>£[ÞV$_p_u a¡ÞVX¡$rie_ X$u k¡gyX$ A_¡ eyr_hrk®v$pv$ AqbV$p® BÞV$f Ad¡qfL$p_p. rhv¡$i_u Ap b^u ¿eps_pd B[ÞõV$V$éyV¡$ NyS>fps Apeyh£v eyr_hrk®V$u kp\¡ L$fpf L$ep£ R>¡ s¡_u `pR>m Ap eyr_hrk®V$u_u ârs›$p S>hpbv$pf R>¡. s¡_u L$urs® v|$fv|$f ky^u a¡gpe¡gu R>¡.
hpBk QpÞk¡gf X$p¡. `u.A¡_.hu. Ly$fy` L$l¡ R>¡ : lSy> rhïhcf_u A_¡L$ A¡ÄeyL¡$i_g B[ÞõV$V$éyiÞk Adpfu kp\¡ L$fpf L$fhp Apsyf R>¡. V|„$L$ kdedp„ S> OZpb^p v¡$ip¡dp„\u gp¡L$p¡ Adpf¡ Ðep„ A¡dAp¡ey dpV¡$ Aphhp_p R>¡, S>¡dp„ Apeyh£qv$L$ L„$`_u Ap¡a N°¡V$ rb°V$_, ey.L¡$. L$p¡g¡S> Ap¡a Apeyh£v$, ey.L¡$. f¡X$ud_ BÞV$f_¡i_g L$p¡g¡S> ap¡f L$p¡[çàgd¡ÞV$fu d¡qX$qk_, Aô$p„N Apeyh£v$-BTfpeg, Apeyh£v$ B[ÞõV$V$éyV$ Ap¡a ^Þh„sfu- Q¡L$p¡õgp¡h¡qL$ep, h¡g`pL®$ L$p¡g¡S> Ap¡a _¡Qfg \¡fp`uT Þey Tug¡ÞX$ S>¡hu k„õ\pAp¡_p¡ kdph¡i \pe R>¡. _¡^fg¡ÞX$dp„ Aph¡gu i¥nrZL$ k„õ\p eyfp¡r`e_ B[ÞõV$V$éyV$ Apeyh£v$dp„ Apeyh£v$_p¡ Aæepk¾$d Qpg¡ R>¡. Ap k„õ\p `p¡sp_p õ_psL$p¡_¡ Apeyh£v$_u âÐen rinZâq¾$ep A_¡ spgud dpV¡$ r_erds`Z¡ NyS>fps Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$udp„ dp¡L$g¡ R>¡. Qpgy hj®£ `Z s¡dp„ 40 rhÛp\}Ap¡ Al] Aphhp_p R>¡. X$p¡.A¡d.A¡k. bO¡g Alu_p L$perQqL$Ðkp rhcpN_p fuX$f R>¡. A¡d.X$u. A_¡ `uA¡Q.X$u. L$fu Q|L¡$gp X$p¡. bO¡g NyS>fps Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$u_p BÞV$f_¡i_g k¡ÞV$f ap¡f Apeyh£qv$L$ õV$X$uT_p qX$f¡¼V$f `Z R>¡. rhv¡$i\u Aphsp rhÛp\}Ap¡_u sdpd âL$pf_u S>hpbv$pfu-L$pe®hplu s¡Ap¡ k„cpm¡ R>¡.
Ad_¡ s¡Ap¡ dprlsu Ap`u füp R>¡ : _¡^fg¡ÞX$\u AÐepf¡ 9 rhÛp\}Ap¡ A¡L$ drl_p_u V²¡$t_N dpV¡$ Apìep R>¡. ey.L¡., b°pqTg, qa_g¡ÞX$, BTfpegdp„\u dmu_¡ Ly$g `p„Q õVy$X$ÞV¹$k ÓZ drl_p_p kqV®$qaL¡$V$ L$p¡k® dpV¡$ Apìep R>¡. îug„L$p\u b¡ rhÛp\}Ap¡ d¡qX$rk_g àgpÞV¹$k `f A¡dA¡kku, L$fhp A_¡ buA¡A¡dA¡k L$fhp dpV¡$ äpÞk, friep, v$rnZ ApqäL$p, Ad¡qfL$p, _¡^fg¡ÞX$, Å`p_ hN¡f¡ v¡$ip¡dp„\u Ly$g 16 rhÛp\}Ap¡ Apìep R>¡. S>Nsdp„ AÐepf¡ Apeyh£v$ âÐe¡ ÅN©rs h^u flu R>¡. rhïh_p 37 v¡$ip¡dp„ AÐepf¡ Apeyh£v$_¡ gNsp _p_p-dp¡V$p L$p¡k® Qpg¡ R>¡.
Åd_Nf_u Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$udp„ ap¡f¡_ õVy$X$ÞV¹$k dpV¡$ ANpD L$p¡C L$p¡k® D`gå^ _lp¡sp. 1990_p hj®dp„ kp¥â\d hMs Al] rhv¡$iu rhÛp\}Ap¡ dpV¡$ ÓZ drl_p_p kqV®$qaL¡$V$ L$p¡k®_u iê$Aps \C. R>¡L$ 1998 ky^u Apd Qpëey„. 1998_u kpgdp„ eyr_hrk®V$u_p k„QpgL$ d„X$m¡ rhv¡$idp„ Apeyh£v$_¡ `p¡àeygf b_phhp dpV¡$ L¡$V$gp„L$ AkfL$pfL$ `Ngp„ g¡hp_y„ rhQpe¯y. 1998dp„ S> s¡dZ¡ rhv¡$iu rhÛp\}Ap¡ dpV¡$ b^p S> L$p¡k® Ap¡`_ L$fu _p¿ep. Ðepf\u Alu Aæepkp\£ v¡$i-rhv¡$idp„\u rhÛp\}Ap¡ Aphhp gpÁep. ap¡f¡_\u Aphsp rhÛp\}Ap¡ dpV¡$ Al] BÞV$f_¡i_g õL$p¡gk® lp¡õV¡$g `Z R>¡.
NyS>fps Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$u_p _¡Å l¡W$m AÐepf¡ Ap S> L¡$ç`kdp„ gNcN AX$^p¡ X$T_ B[ÞõV$V$éyV$ Qpg¡ R>¡. A_yõ_psL$ A_¡ qfkQ® L$np dpV¡$ B[ÞõV$V$éyV$ ap¡f `p¡õV$ N°¡ÄeyA¡V$ V$utQN A¡ÞX$ qfkQ® B_ Apeyh£v$ R>¡ sp¡ B[ÞõV$V$éyV$ Ap¡a d¡qX$rk_g àgpÞV¹$k S>¡hp¡ rhcpN Ap¥j^ue op_ Ap`¡ R>¡. ep¡N A_¡ âpL©$rsL$ rQqL$Ðkp dpV¡$ dlrj® `s„S>rg B[ÞõV$V$éyV$ ap¡f ep¡Np A¡ÞX$ _¡Qfp¡`\u A¡ÄeyL¡$i_ A¡ÞX$ qfkQ® R>¡. sp¡ Ap¥j^q_dp®Z_y„ op_ Ap`su B[ÞõV$V$éyV$ ap¡f Apeyh£qv$L$ apdp®õeyqV$L$g kpeÞk R>¡. Al] dpÓ Ap¥j^r_dp®Z_y„ rinZ S> dm¡ R>¡ A¡hy„ _\u, NyS>fps Apeyh£qv$L$ eyr_hrk®V$udp„ î¡›$ L$np_p Ap¥j^p¡_y„ r_dp®Z A_¡ h¡QpZ \pe R>¡.
eyr_hrk®V$u_p apd®ku rhcpN_p X$pef¡¼V$f Æ.A¡d. AV$pfp L$l¡ R>¡, Adpf¡ Ðep„ gNcN 544 âL$pf_u v$hpAp¡ b_¡ R>¡. Al] Ad¡ iyÙ Ap¡kqX$ep„Ap¡_p `fa¡¼V$ rdîZ Üpfp A¡L$v$d AkfL$pfL$ Ap¥j^p¡ b_phuA¡ R>uA¡. X$p¡. AV$pfpA¡ `p¡sp_p rhcpNdp„ A¡L$ Apeyh£qv$L$ qL$V$ `Z s¥epf L$fphu R>¡. `p¡sp_u qL$V$dp„ s¡dZ¡ kpdpÞe budpfuAp¡_p BgpS> dpV¡$_u huk v$hpAp¡ fpMu R>¡. 200 ê$r`ep_u Ap qL$V$ s¥epf L$fhp `pR>m_p¡ d|m l¡sy A¡ S> R>¡ L¡$ h^y _¡ h^y gp¡L$p¡_¡ Apeyh£v$ sfa hpmhp.
Ap`Z¡ Ðep„ gp¡L$p¡ _p_u-dp¡V$u budpfuAp¡ dpV¡$ `Z aV¹$ L$fsp„ A¡gp¡`\u_u Np¡muAp¡ Nmu Åe R>¡. A¡_y„ A¡L$ L$pfZ A¡ `Z R>¡ L¡$ sph, X$pe¡qfep hN¡f¡dp„ Ap âL$pf_u Apeyh£qv$L$ v$hpAp¡ g¡hu A¡ `Z gp¡L$p¡ ÅZsp _\u. X$p¡iudp„_y„ h¥vy„$ A¡L$ AgN bpbs R>¡, `Z gp¡L$p¡_¡ rhïhpk b¡k¡ A¡hu L$p¡C õV$pÞX$X®$ v$hp lp¡e sp¡ A¡ TX$`\u õhuL$pe® b_¡. X$p¡. AV$pfp_u Ap qLV$_u v¡$i-rhv¡$idp„ âi„kp \C R>¡. cpfs kfL$pf_u r_fpde N°pd ep¡S>_p A„sN®s Ap qL$V$ L¡$ÞÖ kfL$pf¡ dpÞe L$fu R>¡. kfL$pf¡ Aphu Ly$g 4,000 qL$V$_p¡ Ap¡X®$f Apàep¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p dpV¡$ gNcN v$p¡Y$ L$fp¡X$ ê$r`ep_u N°pÞV$ `Z apmhu R>¡. Al]_p Ap¥j^r_dp®Z rhcpNdp„ âpQu_ `Ùrs\u v$hpAp¡ b_phhp_p„ `f„`fpNs -Ap¡Åfp¡ R>¡, sp¡ Ap^yr_L$sd `Ùrs hX¡$ V$uL$X$uAp¡-L¡$àõeyg hN¡f¡ b_phhp_u g¡V¡$õV$ diu_fu R>¡.
Ap¥j^r_dp®Z rhcpN_u dpaL$ S> Al]_p buÅ L¡$V$gpL$ rhcpN `Z `p¡sp_u L$pdNufu dpV¡$ rh¿eps R>¡. NyS>fps Apeyh£qv$L$ eyr_hrk®V$u `„QL$d®_u A_¡ npfk|Ó_u rQqL$Ðkp `Ùrs dpV¡$ ârkÙ R>¡. Al]_p X$u_ Ly$gv$u` tkl L$l¡ R>¡ : lfk-dkp dpV¡$ sdpd âL$pf_u rhv¡$iu kpfhpf gNcN r_óam _uhX$u R>¡. AÐepf¡ rhïhcf_p gp¡L$p¡ õhuL$pfsp„ \ep $R>¡ L¡$ lfk-dkp hN¡f¡ dpV¡$ Apeyh£v$ S> kp¥\u h^y AkfL$pfL$ R>¡. Aphp„ v$fv$p¡dp„ npfk|Ó `Ùrs î¡›$ R>¡ A_¡ Adpf¡ Ðep„ npfk|Ó `ÙrsAp¡_u S>¡ kpfhpf Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ A¡ AqÜsue R>¡.
X$p¡. Ly$gv$u` tkl_¡ Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$u `f cpf¡ Nh® R>¡. s¡Ap¡ L$l¡ R>¡ : gp¡L$p¡, sp¡ ApS>¡ Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$u õ\p`hp_p âeÐ_p¡ L$fu füp R>¡. ApS>¡ rldpQg, fpS>õ\p_, dy„bC hN¡f¡ S>ÁepA¡\u Aphu eyr_hrk®V$u õ\p`hp_u dpN \C flu R>¡, `Z NyS>fpsdp„ sp¡ Ap A„N¡ v$peL$pAp¡ ANpD rhQpfpey„ lsy„. NyS>fps_u âÅA¡ Ap A„N¡ eyr_hrk®V$u_p õ\p`L$p¡_p¡ Apcpf dp_hp¡ Å¡CA¡.
NyS>fps Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$udp„ Ly$g R> rhcpNp¡ R>¡ : (1) qX$`pV®$d¡ÞV$ Ap¡a b¡rTL$g râ[Þk`ëk, (2) ÖìeNyZ, (3) fkip÷, (4) L$peqQqL$Ðkp, (5) iëe A_¡ (6) L$p¥cpfc©Ðe. AgN AgN rhcpN_u Ly$g `p„Q g¡bp¡f¡V$fu R>¡. b¡ lp¡[õ`V$gp¡ R>¡. NpX®$_ R>¡, S>¡dp„ v¡¡$icfdp„\u gphu_¡ Ap¥j^ue R>p¡X$ fp¡`hpdp„ Apìep R>¡. Al] gNcN 146 âL$pf_u h_õ`rs_p Ly$g 1300 fp¡`p R>¡. 37 A¡L$fdp„ a¡gpe¡gu eyr_hrk®V$u_u 10 A¡L$f S>du_ `f _p_p-dp¡V$p dmu_¡ Ly$g 20 bNuQp R>¡. Al]\u 25 qL$gp¡duV$f v|$f A¡L$ NpX®$_ R>¡, S>¡ 35 A¡L$fdp„ a¡gpe¡gy„ R>¡ A_¡ s¡dp„ Ly$g A¡L$kp¡ âL$pf_p Ap¥j^ue fp¡`p R>¡.
eyr_hrk®V$u `pk¡ `p¡sp_y„ N°„\pge R>¡. Sy>hp_tklÆ çeyrTed _pd_u Ap gpBb°¡fudp„ Apeyh£v$_¡ gNsp„ 30 lÅf `yõsL$p¡_p¡ k„N°l R>¡. eyr_hrk®V$u_p rhÛp\}Ap¡ dpV¡$ Ap_p\u h^y kpfy„-f¡afÞk dV$uqfeg buS>¡ ¼ep„ dmu iL¡$? `uA¡Q.X$u. dpV¡$ gMpe¡gp gNcN 1100 L$fsp„ `Z h^y dlpr_b„^p¡ Al] f¡afÞk sfuL¡$ dmu fl¡ R>¡ A_¡ Ap N°„\pge_u kp¥\u dp¡V$u d|X$u R>¡ Apeyh£v$ `f gMpe¡gu lõsâsp¡. Al] Aphu Ly$g kps lÅf L$fsp„ `Z h^pf¡ lõsâsp¡ R>¡, S>¡dp„_u dp¡V$p cpN_u cp¡S>`Ó `f gMpe¡gu R>¡. kv$uAp¡ S|>_u Ap lõsâsp¡ Al] Aphsp rhv¡$iuAp¡ dpV¡$ `Z ApL$j®Z_y„ L¡$ÞÖ R>¡.
eyr_hrk®V$u L¡$ç`kdp„ â¡k A¡ÞX$ `[ågL¡$i_ rhcpN `Z R>¡. Al] s¡Ap¡ Apeyh£v$_¡ gNsy„ Apey _pd_y„ S>_®g blpf `pX¡$ R>¡. lh¡ s¡Ap¡ Apey BÞV$f_¡i_g _pd_y„ A¡L$ rhïhL$np_y„ rÓdprkL$ blpf `pX$hp_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fu füp R>¡. `pB`gpB_dp„ lSy> OZp âp¡S>¡¼V$ R>¡. hpBk QpÞk¡gf `u.A¡_.hu. Ly$fy` L$l¡ R>¡ : Apeyh£v$_¡ lSy> h^y _¡ h^y v¡$ip¡dp„ M|b S> `p¡àeygf b_phhp_p Adpfp âeÐ_p¡ R>¡. rhv¡$iu rhÛp\}Ap¡ dpV¡$ Ad¡ Ap¡_gpB_ A¡ÄeyL¡$i_ (BÞV$f_¡V$ Üpfp) `Z iê$ L$fhp_p R>uA¡. h^y _¡ h^y B[ÞõV$V$éyiÞk kp\¡ Ad¡ kdS|>su L$fhp_p R>uA¡.
gpBb°¡fu, NpX®$_ A_¡ apd®ku `f NyS>fps Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$u_¡ S>¡d Nh® R>¡ A¡hu S> fus¡ s¡_¡ X$p¡. `u.A¡_.hu. Ly$fy` `f `Z Nh® R>¡. 1998dp„ X$p¡. Ly$fy`_p ApNd_ `R>u eyr_hrk®V$u_¡ _hu S> qv$ip dmu R>¡. s¡d_u v$uO®×rô$_¡ L$pfZ¡ rhïhrhÛpge A¡L$v$d ^bL$hp gpNu R>¡. X$p¡. Ly$fy`_u _k_kdp„ Apeyh£v$ hl¡ R>¡. fuskf. s¡Ap¡ A¡L$ h¥Û`qfhpf_p k„sp_ R>¡ A¡hy„ L$luA¡ sp¡ Qpg¡. s¡d_p `qfhpfdp„ R>¡ëgu `p„Q `¡Y$uAp¡\u b^p h¥v$L$ L$f¡ R>¡. L¡$fmdp„ s¡d_p¡ S>Þd \ep¡ lsp¡.
1925dp„ Apeyh£v$_y„ âp\rdL$ rinZ rÓh¡ÞÖddp„ A_¡ A_yõ_psL$ L$np_y„ rinZ NyS>fps Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$udp„ S> d¡mìey„. L$pfqL$v$}_u iê$Aps L¡$fm kfL$pf_p A¡L$ N°pduZ v$hpMp_pdp„ d¡qX$L$g Ap¡qakf sfuL¡$ L$fu. 1960\u 1964 v$frdep_ eyr_hrk®V$udp„ S> s¡Ap¡ âp¡a¡kf sfuL¡$ flu Q|¼ep R>¡. eyr_hrk®V$udp„ `„QL$d®_p¡ rhcpN s¡dZ¡ S> rhL$kpìep¡. ApS>¡ Ap rhcpN eyr_hrk®V$u_y„ Np¥fh NZpe R>¡. 1964\u 1966 v$frdep_ s¡Ap¡ NyS>fps kfL$pfdp„ X$pef¡¼V$f Ap¡a Apeyh£v$ sfuL¡$ afS> bÅhsp lsp. Apeyh£v$_¡ gNsu rhrh^ _ursAp¡ b_phhpdp„ s¡dZ¡ L¡$ÞÖ kfL$pfp¡_¡ A_¡ fpÄe kfL$pfp¡_¡ `yóL$m dv$v$ L$fu R>¡.
1970_p v$peL$p v$frdep_ s¡Ap¡ cpfs_p fpô²$`rs_p Apeyh£v$ L$ÞkgÞV$ÞV$ füp A_¡ 1980_p v$peL$pdp„ s¡dZ¡ hëX®$ l¡ë\ Ap¡N£_pBT¡i_dp„ V²¡$qX$i_g d¡qX$qk_ rkõV$çk_p L$ÞkgV$ÞV$ sfuL¡$ k¡hpAp¡ Ap`u. `p¡sp_u L$pfqL$v$} v$frdep_ s¡dZ¡ Apeyh£v$_p A_¡L$ r_óZpsp¡ s¥epf L$ep® R>¡. NyS>fps Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$udp„ s¡Ap¡ hpBk QpÞk¡gf sfuL¡$ 1998dp„ Å¡X$pep. A¡ `R>u s¡dZ¡ eyr_hrk®V$udp„„ L¡$V$gpL$ _hp Aæepk¾$dp¡ v$pMg L$ep® A_¡ L¡$V$gpL$ _hp rhcpNp¡ `Z iê$ L$ep®.
B[õV$V$éyV$ Ap¡a Apeyh£qv$L$ apdp®õeyqV$L$g kpeÞk, B[ÞõV$V$éyV$ Ap¡a d¡qX$rk_g àgpÞV$ kpeÞkuk, dlrj® `s„S>qg B[ÞõV$V$éyV$ Ap¡a _¡Qfp¡`\u ep¡N A¡ÞX$ qaqTep¡\¡fp`u S>¡hp _hp rhcpNp¡ s\p BÞV$f_¡i_g ap¡f Apeyh£qv$L$ õV$X$uT `Z A¡dZ¡ õ\pàep„ R>¡. A¡dA¡kku bu.apd®, X$u.apd®, A¡d.apd® B_ Apeyh£v$, qX$àgp¡dp B_ ep¡N A¡ÞX$ _¡Qf ¼ep¡f hN¡f¡ L$p¡k® X$p¡¼V$f Ly$fy`¡ Qpgy L$ep®. rhv¡$iu B[ÞõV$V$éyV$ kp\¡ kdS|>su L$fpf `Z s¡d_p âepkp¡\u \ep R>¡. Åd_Nf_¡ Ly$fy`_p ê$`dp„ Mfy„ L$lz„ sp¡ A¡L$ âMf Apeyh£v$ r_óZps dþep R>¡.
Åd_Nf_¡ Apeyh£v$ kp\¡ L„$CL$ g¡Ï„ lp¡e s¡hy„ gpN¡ R>¡. rh¿eps h¥v$ T„Xy$ cË$Æ A_¡ fkh¥Û bphpcpC AQgÆ `Z Åd_Nfdp„ S> S>Þçep lsp. R>¡L$ Ðepf\u Apeyh£v$_p¡ drldp R>¡. A¡ `R>u sp¡ Ap rhïhrhÛpge_¡ L$pfZ¡ Åd_Nf kdN° rhïh_y„ Apeyh£v$ n¡Ó_y„ dy¿e d\L$ b_u Ney„. NyS>fps Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$u_u õ\p`_p 1967dp„ \C.
Å¡L¡$ eyr_hrk®V$u_u õ\p`_p \C A¡ `l¡gp„\u S> Al] îu Nygpb Ly„$hfbp Apeyh£v$ dlprhÛpge_u iê$Aps 1946dp„ \C lsu. 1953dp„ kuApfApBA¡dA¡d (k¡ÞV²$g B[ÞõV$V$éyV$ Ap¡a qfkQ® B_ B[ÞX$rS>_k rkõV$d Ap¡a d¡qX$qk_)_u õ\p`_p \e¡gu. k_¡ 1956dp„ `uÆV$ukuA¡ (`p¡õV$ N°¡ÄeyA¡V$ V²¡$t_N k¡ÞV$f B_ Apeyh£v$) L$pe®fs \ey„. Åd_Nf_p fpS>`qfhpf_¡ Ap eyr_hrk®Vu dpV¡$ `|f¡`|fy„ î¡e Åe R>¡. 1940_u iê$Aps_p„ hjp£ v$frdep_ Åd qv$[ÁhS>etkl_„y ipk_ lsy„. Ðepf¡ Åd_Nfdp„ Nygpb Ly„$hfbp Apeyh£v$ kp¡kpeV$u_u õ\p`_p \C. 1944dp„ fpS `qfhpf_p A_¡ Npd_p L¡$V$gpL$ ^_hp_p¡_p A_yv$p_ Üpfp A¡L$ fpS>dl¡g S>¡hp L$p¡g¡S> rb[ëX„$N_y„ r_dp®Z \ey„. ^Þh„sfu d„qv$f sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMpsp A¡ rb[ëX„$N_p r_dp®Z `pR>m A¡ kde¡ `Z 60 gpM ê$r`ep_p¡ MQ® \ep¡ lsp¡, s¡_p `f\u A¡ rb[ëX„$N_u cìesp_p¡ A_¡ rhipmsp_p¡ ¿epg dmu fl¡ R>¡.
1963_p hj®dp„ fpÄe kfL$pf¡ A_¡ L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf¡ Åd_Nf_u Ap ÓZ B[ÞõV$V$éyV$_p Å¡X$pZ_p¡ r_Z®e L$ep£. v$frdep_ kyfs, Adv$phpv$, cph_Nf, hX$p¡v$fp hN¡f¡dp„ Apeyh£v$ L$p¡g¡S> A[õsÐhdp„ Aphu NC lsu s¡d_¡ A¡L$ R>Ó `yfy„ `pX$hp dpV¡$ 1965_u kpgdp„ NyS>fps rh^p_kcpA¡ Åd_Nf_u ÓZ B[ÞõV$V$éyV$_y„ `fõ`f Å¡X$pZ L$fu_¡ s¡_¡ eyr_hrk®V$u_p¡ v$fÄÅ¡ Ap`hp_p¡ W$fph L$ep£.
spfuM 5 ÅÞeyApfu 1967_p qv$hk¡ NyS>fps Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$u A[õsÐhdp„ Aphu. Ðepf\u ApS> ky^udp„ Al] 50 L$fsp„ h^pf¡ gp¡L$p¡ `uA¡Q.X$u. L$fu Q|¼ep R>¡ A_¡ 100 L$fsp„ h^pf¡ rhÛp\}Ap¡ A¡d.X$u. Lfu Q|¼ep R>¡. cpfs_u âpQu_ rhÛp_p¡ a¡gphp¡ L$fhpdp„ Ap eyr_hrk®V$u_p¡ apmp¡ Ad|ëe füp¡ R>¡. v$f hj®£ Al] Apeyh£v$ `f Ap„sffpóV²$ue L$np_p¡ k¡rd_pf ep¡Åe R>¡, S>¡dp„ gNcN `ÃQuk¡L$ v¡$idp„\u A¡L$kp¡ L$fsp„ h^pf¡ X¡$qgN¡V¹$k Aph¡ R>¡. X$p¡. Ly$fy`_p ApNd_ `R>u Ap k¡rd_pfp¡ iê$ \ep R>¡. rhv¡$iuAp¡ Al] õhMQ£ Aph¡ R>¡ A_¡ k¡rd_pfdp„ cpN g¡hp_u au `Z Q|L$h¡ R>¡. Apeyh£v$ eyr_hrk®V$u_u rhïhk_uesp A_¡ s¡_u ârs›$p_p¡ Ap_p\u dp¡V$p¡ `yfphp¡ buÅ¡ L$ep¡ lp¡C iL$¡!
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