|
|
|
lp¡d`¡S> >
h^y kdpQpf >
qfqX$a õ`¡íeg
bp¡qfk b¡L$f rhçbëX$_dp„ hfkpv$ kl_ _\u L$fu iL$sp¡ Äepf¡ Bhp_ g¡ÞX$g A¡_¡ õ`^p®_y„ ArhcpS>e A„N dp_sp¡
28 S|>_, 2003
L¡$L$u v|$^hpgp
1877\u rhçbëX$_ V¡$r_k õ`^p® ârs hj® ep¡Åsu flu R>¡. dpÓ â\d rhðeyÙ v$frdep_ (1915\u 1918) A_¡ qÜsue rhðeyÙ (1940\u 1945) v$frdep_ Ap õ`^p® fdpC _lp¡su. ârs hj® S|>_-Sy>gpC dpk v$frdep_ Ap õ`^p® HÁg¡ÞX$_u c|rd `f fdpsu lp¡hp\u Ap õ`^p®dp„ gNcN v$f¡L$ hj£ A_¡L$ d¡Qp¡dp„ hfkpv$_y„ rhÂ_ _X$sy„ S füy„ R>¡. buÅ A\®dp„ L$luA¡ sp¡ rhçbëX$_ V¡$r_k õ`^p® A¡V$g¡ S> V¡$r_k A_¡ hjp®_p¡ A_p¡Mp¡ k„Nd.
1985dp„ kp¥\u _p_u he¡ rhçbëX$_ rMspb Æs_pf s\p s¡ kde¡ rb_¾$dp„qL$s A¡hp¡ bp¡qfk b¡L$f Äepf¡ 1988_u rhçbëX$_ apB_g õV$ua_ A¡X$bN® kpd¡ lpep£ Ðepf¡ s¡Z¡ hfkpv$_p AZ^pep® Ap¾$dZ kpd¡ Ap¾$p¡i W$pghsp„ S>Zph¡gy„, ""Äepf¡ d¢ c|s`|h® Q¡[ç`e_ `¡V$ L¡$i s\p rhð_p _„bf h_ M¡gpX$u Bhp_ g¡ÞX$g_¡ lfpìep Ðepf¡ sp¡ d_¡ `|fp¡ rhðpk lsp¡ L¡$ lz„ S> Ap hj£ `Z Q¡[ç`e_ \Ci, `f„sy d_¡ iu Mbf lsu L¡$ apB_g S>„N v$frdep_ hfkpv$_y„ rhÂ_ dpfp õhà__¡ QL$_pQ|f L$fu _pMi¡. hfkpv$_¡ L$pfZ¡ dpfu A¡L$pN°spdp„ hpf„hpf c„N \sp¡ füp¡, `qfZpd¡ lz„ dpfu _¥krN®L$ fds M¡ghpdp„ kam _ füp¡. lz„ Qp¡½$k`Z¡ L$lu iLy„$ Ry>„ L¡$ hfkpv$_¡ L$pfZ¡ S> lz„ lpep£.''
V¡$r_krhð_u AÞe AN°NÎe õ`^p®Ap¡ S>¡hu L¡$ ä¡ÞQ Ap¡`_, ey.A¡k. Ap¡`_ A_¡ Ap¡õV²¡$rge_ Ap¡`__u kfMpdZudp„ rhçbëX$_ õ`^p® h^y gp¡L$râe A_¡ ¿eprsâpàs õ`^p® R>¡, V¡$r_krhðdp„ A¡ ârs[óW$s `Z NZpe R>¡. rhð_p¡ v$f¡L$ _p_p¡-dp¡V$p¡ V¡$r_k M¡gpX$u rhçbëX$_ N°pk L$p¡V®$ `f fdhp s\p rhçbëX$__p¡ spS> Æshp DÐkyL$ lp¡e R>¡. k„¿epb„^ V¡$r_k M¡gpX$uAp¡A¡ L$f¡gp âQ„X$ `yfyjp\® `f _S>f _pMsp„ S> Ap spS> Æshp_u dlÑp rhi¡ kdÅC Åe s¡hy„ R>¡.
dpÓ b¡ S> Dv$plfZ `|fsp„ R>¡. rhð_p _„bf h_ M¡gpX$u Bhp_ g¡ÞX$g¡ bpf-bpf hjp£ ky^u rhçbëX$_ rMspb Æshp dpV¡$ A\pN âepkp¡ L$ep®, `f„sy b^y„ S> rham füy„ lsy„! V¡$r_kÆh__p A„s cpNdp„ g¡ÞX$g A¡V$gu lv¡$ r_fyÐkplu b_u Ne¡gp¡ L¡$ s¡Z¡ A¡hy„ kyÙp„ L$lu v$u^y„ lsy„, ""rhçbëX$__p A¡L$ rMspb kpd¡ lz„ dpfp buÅ b^p rMspbp¡ ÐeS>hp s¥epf R>y„.''
dlp_ drlgp M¡gpX$u dpqV®$_p _hfprsgp¡hpA¡ `Z khp®r^L$ tkNëk rMspbp¡_p¡ rh¾$d õ\p`hp gp¡Y$p_p QZp Qphhp `X¡$gp. ApMf¡ 1990dp„ Ap rh¾$d L$bS>¡ L$ep® bpv$ dpqV®$_p_p h^y âepkp¡ r_óam S> füp R>¡.
rhçbëX$__u ApNhu gpnrZL$spAp¡ `Z R>¡. Ap õ`^p®_y„ d|m _pd sp¡ Ap¡g HÁg¡ÞX$ gp¡_ V¡$r_k Q¡[ç`e_qi` R>¡, `f„sy rhçbëX$_ _pd\u S> s¡ h^y â¿eps b_u R>¡. Ap õ`^p® dpÓ 15 qv$hk ky^u S> Qpg¡ R>¡. S|>_-Sy>gpCdp„ \su Ap õ`^p®dp„ hfkpv$ gNcN v$f¡L$ hj£ rhÂ_ b_¡ R>¡. Å¡L¡$ L¡$V$gpL$ gp¡L$p¡ rhçbëX$_ õ`^p®dp„ hfkpv$_y„ rhÂ_ _X$hp_u hps_¡ iyc gnZ `Z dp_¡ R>¡, õ`^®L$p¡ Aphu dpÞespdp„ S>LX$pe¡gp gp¡L$p¡_p hN®dp„ _\u Aphsp. A¡dp„e lpfu S>sp M¡gpX$uAp¡ hfkpv$u rhÂ__¡ M|b r^½$pf¡ R>¡. ApS> ky^udp„ rhçbëX$_dp„ fd_pfp M¡gpX$uAp¡A¡ A_¡L$ `f„`fpAp¡ sp¡X$u R>¡, `Z hjp®A¡ L$v$u _l].
1985_u hps L$fuA¡ sp¡ s¡ hj£ rhçbëX$ `f hfkpv$_y„ S> ÅZ¡ L¡$ fpS> Qpëey„ lsy„. õ`^p®_p â\d AW$hpqX$ep v$frdep_ dp¡V$p cpN_p M¡gpX$uAp¡ dpÓ b¡\u Qpf L$gpL$ S> V¡$r_k fdu iL¡$gp. s¡ hj®_u Q¡[ç`e_ drlgp M¡gpX$u dpqV®$_p _hfprsgp¡hp dpÓ AY$u L$gpL$ S> fdu iL$u lp¡hp\u s¡_¡ i„L$p lsu L¡$ s¡ Q¡[ç`e_qi` Æsu iL$pi¡ L¡$ _l]. _h-_h tkNëk rMspbp¡_p¡ rhçbëX$_ rh¾$d ^fphsu dpqV®$_p_¡ rhçbëX$_ s\p hfkpv$ b„_¡_p¡ cf`|f A_ych R>¡, `f„sy ÓZ hMs tkNëk Q¡[ç`e_ b__pf bp¡qfk b¡L$f_¡ hfkpv$ âÐe¡ cpf¡ _afs R>¡. b¡L$f L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ s¡ Nd¡ Ðep„ `pZu_¡ kl_ L$fu iL¡$ R>¡, `f„sy rhçbëX$__p k¡ÞV$f L$p¡V®$ `f _l]. L$v$ue¡ rhçbëX$_ rMspb _ Æsu iL$_pf Bhp_ g¡ÞX$g sp¡ hfkpv$_¡ rhçbëX$_ õ`^p®_y„ ArhcpÄe A„N dp_sp¡.
1982_u QQp® L$fuA¡ sp¡ s¡ hj£ sp¡ A¡V$gp¡ b^p¡ hfkpv$ `X$¡gp¡ L¡$ `yfyjp¡_u tkNëk `p„Q k¡V$p¡_¡ bv$g¡ ÓZ S> k¡V$_u fdpX$hu `X¡$gu. Ap A¡L$ rhfg OV$_p lsu. L$pfZ L¡$ rhçbëX$_dp„ ApS> ky^udp„ Aphp¡ b_ph L$v$u _\u bÞep¡. 1982dp„ hfkpv¡$ b¡-`p„Q _rl, `f„sy 11 qv$hk ky^u rhÂ_ _pM¡gy„.
hjp®-rhÂ__¡ L$pfZ¡ S> 1975_u Q¡[ç`e_ qbgu rS>_ qL„$N A_¡ f¡_`p lpfL$p¡X£$ hÃQ¡_u d¡Q `p„Q L$gpL$ 42 rdr_V$p¡ ky^u Qpg¡gu. Ap d¡Q v$frdep_ ÓZ hpf hfkpv$ `X$ép¡ lsp¡ A_¡ rbQpfu rbgu qL„$N¡ b¡ hMs sp¡ cu_p¡ X²¡$k bv$ghp¡ `X¡$gp¡. sd¡ ÅZp¡ R>p¡ A¡L$ hpf cpf¡ hfkpv$ `X$ép¡ Ðepf¡ qbgu qL„$N¡ L¡$hu fus¡ kde rhsph¡gp¡? s¡Z¡ 1972dp„ `yfyjp¡_u rhçbëX$_ apB_g r_lpm¡gu. A¡dp„ A¡ hMs_p ¿eps_pd M¡gpX$uAp¡ õV$p_ [õd\ A_¡ Bgu _õspi¡ hÃQ¡ dyL$pbgp¡ \ep¡ lsp¡.
hfkpv$ sp¡ Ly$v$fsu rhÂ_ R>¡. s¡ Nd¡ s¡ `m¡ d¡Qdp„ ê$L$phV$ `¡v$p L$fu iL¡$ R>¡. L¡$V$guL$ hpf A¡hy„ `Z bÞey„ R>¡ L¡$ hfkpv$_p _X$sf_¡ L$pfZ¡ d¡Q_u iê$Aps S> \C iL$u _\u, sp¡ hmu L¡$V$guL$ h¡mp Äepf¡ d¡Q fp¡dp„QL$ sb½¡$ A\hp r_Zp®eL$ `m¡ lp¡e R>¡ Ðepf¡ hfkpv¡$ b^p¡ fp¡dp„Q Msd L$fu _p¿ep¡ R>¡. A¡V$gy„ S> _rl hfkpv$_¡ L$pfZ¡ L¡$V$guL$ hpf fp¡dp„QL$ rhS>e_p Apf¡ Ec¡gp õ`^®L¡$ L$gpL$p¡ ky^u rb_S>ê$fu sZphdp„ fl¡hy„ `X¡$ R>¡.
A¡L$ Aphu S> kss spZ Ap`su OV$_p _p¢^hu Å¡CA¡. ep¡L$ud r_õV²$p¡d A_¡ `p¡g A¡_pL$_ hÃQ¡_u d¡Q Äepf¡ d¡Q `p¡BÞV$ `f lsu Ðepf¡ hfkpv$ `X$sp„ b„^ fl¡gu d¡Q `|fp v$p¡Y$ L$gpL$ bpv$ afu iê$ \e¡gu. Ap v$frdep_ rh`nu M¡gpX$uAp¡_u d_:[õ\rs L$ë`u iL$pe A¡d R>¡. Ly$v$fs_p¡ L$qfídp sp¡ Sy>Ap¡, d¡Q afu iê$ \ep bpv$ r_õV²$p¡d¡ dpÓ ArNepf S> k¡L$ÞX$dp„ d¡Q `p¡BÞV$ L$bS>¡ L$fu_¡ d¡Q Æsu gu^¡gu.
1985dp„ kp¡lpdZu q¾$k A¡hV®$ A_¡ s¡_p c|s`|h® `rs Å¡_ gp¡BX$_¡ hfkpv$u _X$sf¡ apev$p¡ L$fphu Apàep¡ lsp¡. hps Apd b_u lsu, A¡ d¡Q `|h£ q¾$k_u Nfv$_dp„ \p¡Xy„$ v$v®$ lsy„, A¡V$g¡ A¡_¡ \p¡X$p Apfpd_u S>ê$f lsu. A¡ hMs¡ cpf¡ hfkpv$ `X$sp„ d¡Q dp¡L|$a fl¡sp„ _kubv$pf ¾$uk_¡ b¡ qv$hk_p¡ dõs Apfpd dmu Ne¡gp¡. s¡ hj£ buÅ qv$hk¡ 68dp„\u dp„X$ 7 d¡Qp¡ S> fdpe¡gu, S>¡dp„ Å¡_ gp¡BX$ `Z fd¡gp¡. hfkpv$ `X$hp `l¡gp„ Å¡_ gp¡BX$ `fpS>e_p Apf¡ Aphu_¡ Ecp¡ lsp¡ A_¡ hfkpv$ `X$ép¡, R>¡L$ ÓuÅ qv$hk¡ d¡Q iê$ \C Ðepf¡ gp¡BX$¡ rhS>e A„L¡$ L$f¡gp¡.
rhçbëX$_dp„ fdhp Esfhp `|h£ v$f¡L$ M¡gpX$uAp¡, drlgp L¡$ `yfyj, hfkpv$ kpd¡ L¡$V$guL$ s¥epfuAp¡ `Z fpM¡ R>¡. hfkpv$ `X$sp¡ lp¡e Ðepf¡ L¡$V$gpL$ M¡gpX$u rhqX$ep¡ qaëd Å¡C_¡ kde `kpf L$f¡ R>¡, sp¡ hmu L¡$V$gpL$ rhqX$ep¡ N¡Bçk fdu_¡ Ap_„v$ d¡mh¡ R>¡. Apd L$fu_¡ õ`^®L$p¡ S>¡ s¡ Qpgy d¡Q_y„ dp_rkL$ v$bpZ Ap¡Ry>„ L$fhp_p¡ âepk L$f¡ R>¡. Å¡L¡$ L¡$V$gpL$ M¡gpX$uAp¡ A¡hp `Z lp¡e R>¡ L¡$ S>¡Ap¡ hfkpv$dp„ c]Åhp_p¡ Ap_„v$ dpZhp l„d¡ip„ Apsyf fl¡ R>¡. hfkpv$_p¡ Ap_„v$ g¡_pfp M¡gpX$uAp¡_p hN®dp„ fp¡Tu L¥$këk_y„ _pd NZphu iL$pe. A¡Z¡ A¡L$ hpf hfkpv$ v$frdep_ X²¡$tkNê$ddp„ Apfpd L$fhp_¡ bv$g¡ f¡B_ X$pÞk iê$ L$f¡gp¡. â¡nL$p¡A¡ `Z kp\p¡kp\ X$pÞk L$fu Ap_„v$ DW$ph¡gp¡. Al] A¡ epv$ fpMhy„ Å¡CA¡ L¡$, d¡Q `y_: iê$ \ep bpv$ fp¡TuA¡ S> rhS>e d¡mh¡gp¡.
ApS>L$pg sp¡ rhqX$ep¡ s\p f„Nu_ V$uhu_y„ cpf¡ âQg_ R>¡. V$uhu `f V¡$r_k_u õ`^p®Ap¡ r_lpmsp V¡$r_kfrkL$p¡A¡ Tfdf-Tfdf hfksp hfkpv$dp„ A_¡L$ â¡nL$p¡_¡ `p¡sp_u kuV$ `f S> dp\¡ R>Óu ^fu b¡ku fl¡gp A_¡ õhpqv$ô$ hp_NuAp¡ (Mpk L$fu_¡ rhçbëX$_ ApBk¾$ud) Apfp¡Nsp„ Å¡ep li¡.
ApS>_p ^„^pv$pfu eyNdp„ B_pdu fL$dp¡_p Ap„L$X$p S>¡ fus¡ Ap„Mp¡ apX$u _pM¡ A¡hp lp¡e R>¡ s¡ fus¡ S> âh¡i qV$qL$V$p¡_u qL„$ds `Z qv$_âqsqv$_ KQu S> fl¡ R>¡. Ap L$pfZ¡ S> rhçbëX$__p k¡ÞV$f L$p¡V®$ `f fdpsu d¡Q r_lpmhu lh¡ kp^pfZ â¡nL$ dpV¡$ NÅblpf_u hps R>¡. A_¡L$ kphQ¡suAp¡ R>sp„ rhçbëX$__u qV$qL$V$p¡_p `Z ^|d L$pmpbÅf \pe R>¡.
hpf„hpf \sp hfkpv$_p _X$sf\u L„$V$pmu_¡ ApMf¡ 1922dp„ õ`^p®_y„ õ\p_ hp¡V$$ àg¡ fp¡X$ `f\u Mk¡X$u_¡ QQ® fp¡X$ `f gphhpdp„ Aph¡gy„. Å¡L¡$ lh¡ sp¡ auëX$ L$p¡V®$ Y$p„L$hp dpV¡$ `Z L$hf D`gå^ lp¡hp\u hjp®_p¡ âcph Ahíe Ap¡R>p¡ \ep¡ R>¡. A„s¡ A¡V$gy„ S> L$lu iL$pe L¡$ Nd¡ s¡V$gp„ hjp®-rhÂ_p¡ Aph¡ sp¡`Z õ`^®L$p¡ A_¡ â¡nL$p¡ sp¡ rhçbëX$_ âÐe¡ ApL$jp®sp S> fl¡hp_p.
L$pfZ ÅZp¡ R>p¡? L$pfZ L¡$ hjp® sp¡ rhçbëX$__y„ A¡L$ ArhcpÄe A„N R>¡. Mfy„ _¡?
|
|
|
sdpfp dpV¡$
|
|
|
|